Mahfuz R. Chowdhury - Bangladesh is currently experiencing grave political turmoil. Yesterday, the interim President Iajuddin Ahmed declared a state of emergency and a delay to scheduled national elections. Since November, dozens have died in associated riots. However, like its cyclones, this is not a new phenomenon - it recurs every five years during election season. The main cause: Politics in Bangladesh is influenced not by the free will of the people, but by the manipulation of elections through money and muscle.
The present drama is being played out by the two most powerful parties in the country: the Awami League (AL) and the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). Both have held power at one time or another, and neither has a clean record with respect to fair elections or corruption. But, under the BNP's longer tenure, opportunities for corruption have reached new heights. The world is not unaware of the extent. Transparency International's "Corruption Perceptions Index," the global standard, has ranked Bangladesh the most corrupt country in the world five consecutive times since 2000.
In this environment, the opposition party AL is seeking to reproduce its loss-turned-victory in the elections of 1996. At the time, AL was able to delegitimize the results of that year's first election through protests and orchestrate a second election that led to its assumption of power. This year, AL has already taken the first step by refusing to participate in the upcoming elections, claiming ballot rigging and voter roll fraud. The government has acted harshly in response, yet fails to contain AL protestors. Since the present saga began more than two months ago, 40 people have died in riots and demonstrations, millions of dollars of property has been damaged and economic activities have come to a screeching halt. There is no sign that the conflict is going to end anytime soon.
Perhaps even more unfortunate is the overall cycle in which the country is locked, marked by abrupt, undemocratic changes. For example, neither of the parties' two leaders--Khaleda Zia, Prime Minister and Leader of BNP and Sheikh Hasina, leader of the opposition Awami League party--came into power by her own right. Both were virtually inducted into their present leadership positions because of their family ties to the parties' founders, who were both assassinated. Khaleda Zia is the widow to the previous BNP leader, while Sheikh Hasina is daughter to the Awami League counterpart. While the original leaders' ideals have been mostly abandoned, their intense cults of personality have endured through these two women.
Despite their significant influence, however, neither party is able to perfectly manipulate nationwide election results. That is precisely why each party is now trying to outmaneuver the other, whether through street fights or by applying police power. All this transpires before a floundering caretaker government. Prime Minister Khaleda Zia, who through alignment with the Jamat-e-Islami fundamentalist party had formed the preceding government, has left cronies in many key posts. She thus remains influential in the supposedly impartial interim body. To counter, opposition leader Sheikh Hasina has moved to form alliances with a number of political parties, including that of a former military dictator against whom criminal cases are pending. The apparent reason for Lt. General Ershad's inclusion is that he continues to control a significant amount of ill-gotten funds, acquired during his nine years of autocratic rule.
How the present political drama in Bangladesh plays out depends entirely on who is able to exercise muscle more brazenly. Until the game is played out, the country will undoubtedly be held hostage. To break the impasse, both parties might ultimately agree to some kind of election program. But unfortunately such an exercise is not likely to end in a resolution. If the past is any indication of the future, the losing party will not accept the fairness of the election and will continue with its violent protest. The current cycle of violence, blockade, and intimidation will continue. From the perspective of many social scientists, the world might face another "failed state" unless the present vicious cycle in Bangladesh is broken.
Mahfuz R. Chowdhury is a Professor of Economics at CW Post Campus of Long Island University. (Special thanks to Adnan Ahmad at John Hopkins University).
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Comments (12)
Matha Noto Korben Na...
Now Bangladesh, a leader like Sheikh Hasina is needed. Only she can fight with all anomalies for the democracy and people rights.
July 17, 2007 12:04 AM | Report Offensive Comments
Posted on July 17, 2007 00:04
I think we should be a bit generous when talking about Bangladesh and its leaders. After all, running a country of over 140 million people with limited resources is itself a great challenge. There has to be pitfalls. And political leaders are no angels. So pitfalls will be there. Besides, comparing it to advanced economies like Singapore is not fair. I wonder if Singapore had population like Bangladesh, what would its leaders do? However, ever since Bangladesh opened up to the private sector, services and industries have been mushrooming. Given some time, the country can really prosper. Thus, rather than just commenting on the leaders, I would urge each of us who are reading/contributing comments here to look to themselves--how can they contribute to the nation's advancement. Surely, with the combined eforts of all of you, Bangladesh can get a boost!
Remember J>F>Kennedy's words to the nation:"Do not think what the country can do for you, think what you can do for your country".
April 27, 2007 12:38 AM | Report Offensive Comments
Posted on April 27, 2007 00:38
After AL premier Sheikh Hasina's playboy Son Joy got married to a Jewish yenta : This statement is a quite objectionable statement by Mr. MAHBUB ALAM. He has simply done great harm to his own name meaning. He seems to be a RAJAKAR of 1971 War of Independence of Bangladesh. Well Sheikh Hasina was not an angle and she has made lot of Mistakes during her tenure as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh but that does not mean that we should cross our Limit in commenting against them with out concrete Proof. It is really a group of Rajaker or their sons are the People who have Brought Khaleda Zia to Power.Those who are now too much critical of Begum Khaleda Zia are her Voters and these people really brought her to power. Alas ' Silukas what a change in these people we see with the change of wind .
April 22, 2007 1:03 AM | Report Offensive Comments
Posted on April 22, 2007 01:03
After AL premier Sheikh Hasina's playboy Son Joy got married to a Jewish yenta : This statement is a quite objectionable statement by Mr. MAHBUB ALAM. He has simply done great harm to his own name meaning. He seems to be a RAJAKAR of 1971 War of Independence of Bangladesh. Well Sheikh Hasina was not an angle and she has made lot of Mistakes during her tenure as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh but that does not mean that we should cross our Limit in commenting against them with out concrete Proof. It is really a group of Rajaker or their sons are the People who have Brought Khaleda Zia to Power.Those who are now too much critical of Begum Khaleda Zia are her Voters and these people really brought her to power. Alas ' Silukas what a change in these people we see with the change of wind .
April 22, 2007 1:02 AM | Report Offensive Comments
Posted on April 22, 2007 01:02
The current state of emergency is the best thing that could have happened to Bangladesh. Hasina Wajed and Khaleda Zia spelled doom for Bangladesh. This country for which hundreds of thousands martyred themselves in 1971, had become "Bangladesh,Inc - A Privately Owned company of Khaleda and Hasina Apas". These two shameless, undereducated, uncultured, uncouth brazen women have spit on the blood of the shaheeds to enrich themselves and their cronies . It wasn't just Zia's sons who made money. Waiting eagerly to step into Tareque Zia's shoes, we had the "Crown Prince-in-waiting" Hasina's son Joy and his very own "I-wanna-be-the-Princess-of-Bangladesh" American wife in their very own American kingdom financed by money from lobbyists and Hasina's ill gotten wealth. Finally, it has happened - into exile they have been sent - oh! what joy - music to my ears ! JOY BANGLA (no pun intended). BANGLADESH IS NOW HERE TO STAY !
April 18, 2007 7:20 AM | Report Offensive Comments
Posted on April 18, 2007 07:20
After AL premier Sheikh Hasina's playboy Son Joy got married to a Jewish yenta, it appears that powerful Jewish interest groups in the U.S. are grooming him to grab power at any costs necessary so that they can force a moderate muslim country to recognize Israel.
April 11, 2007 12:12 PM | Report Offensive Comments
Posted on April 11, 2007 12:12
I am happy and hopeful with the current situation in Bangladesh. I hope the people of Bangladesh will soon realize what is best for the country right now. If they act unitedly and bann the so-called two Big political parties AL and BNP, then there will be a bright future for Bangladesh. We the Bangladeshi home and abroad are congratulating the care taker govertment for every step they are taking to make the country a better place for the future generations.Our blessings and best regards go to them.
March 7, 2007 10:27 PM | Report Offensive Comments
Posted on March 7, 2007 22:27
I have just come back from Singapore. I am amazed at the healthcare system that Singapore has mastered. It is absolutely marvelous.
I strongly feel Bangladesh can easily become a regional prosperous economic hub for the rest of Asia in no time at all. The only thing we need is a visionary like Lee or Mahatir and blessings of the major powers.
I think our decadent political system that has made a mockery of democracy for the last 15 years should be uprooted and in its place a thriving and flourishing stronghand-guided democracy be put in place.
The country has talented people in abundance but blockheads and thugs have enjoyed unchallenged access to power and plunder of the economy for the last 25 years. These sidelined people who could not raise their head because of being bulldozed by the corruptocracy of the past must come to the forefront and lead the way. There can be no other alternative.
People who do not practice democracy within their family or party or the parliament must not be allowed to ascend to leadership by the dint of dynasty-based politics.
Bangladesh is not a monarchy. People without vision or leadership qualities must not be allowed to take us back into the bleak past in a fast changing IT-based open world economy.
The damned and the cursed must either be convicted or sent abroad through political asylum to either the US or Saudi Arabia. They have enough money there to bring up their ffuture fourteen generations. They must not be allowed to play with Bangladesh's bright vibrant future.
We have had enough of it. Now is the time for change. The days of muscle flexing and money to buy votes to decieve the teeming millions are hopefully over!!
February 10, 2007 1:13 AM | Report Offensive Comments
Posted on February 10, 2007 01:13
The country is actually floating on oil and gas. It also has coal in the north and radioactive material along its coastline.
American powerbrokers are divided into two groups. One wants to retain an ailing democracy at any cost. The other is behind the new interim government and hopes that the much needed reforms be implemented. Both have their eyes on the Bay of Bengal to counter Indo-Chinese supremacy in the region. They want both the oil and a seaport for spying on the two Asian giants.
As a Bangladeshi I think the politicians have miserably failed to nurture and cultivate democracy during the last 15 years. Instead they have ripped off the economy for their self-interests.
Both Hasina and especially Khaleda and her son have indulged in rampant corruption. These two ladies should realize that Bangladesh is not only theirs. Becomng a prime-minister does not mean that they and their corrupt ministers and business
partners have the right to plunder our national treasury.
Khaleda's son turned the administration into a Sicilian mafia run affair. Nothing got done without Tareq's approval and his share of 10-20% of all business deals. He and his coterie of goons could be compared to outlaws of the Wild West!
The caretaker interim administration must not spoil this golden opportunity to prosecute the vicious trio of corrupt politicians, bureaucrats and businessmen. These criminals from all parties and business and bureaucracy should be handed dowm long term sentences and barred from contesting the elections for life. Only then their children and relatives will stop moneylaundering Bangladesh's wealth into foreign accounts abroad. The US is flooded with relatives of AL and BNP high-ups who had become millionaires overnight. The US should also help us get those bandits back home through deportation.They should be treated just like Mamoon-the goon and bagman of Tarek Zia.
Bangladesh can easily become a regional hub similar to Singapore. LEADERSHIP, perhaps a combined leadership is what we need to propel us into a visionary future. We can easily catch up with our Asian neighbors. If China, India and ASEAN could do it then there's no reason why we can't.
We must also tread cautiously. We must not become another oil-rich delta lke Nigeria. The February's issue of National Geographic has a scary article on Nigeria's curse of having huge oil reserves.
February 9, 2007 9:46 AM | Report Offensive Comments
Posted on February 9, 2007 09:46
The problems and rioting in election season is not a unique phenomenon for banglasesh but common to all 3 countries emerged from british india.
all 3 countries believing on dynasty rules. see india or pakistan where all political leaders are blooming on the basis of their fathers or forefathers images.
bangla desh unfortunately passing through a difficult phase. however positive point is that the will of people is now being enforced. no doubt that the elite class will do each and everything to keep their control however a time will come very soon then the true democrasy will prevail.
economic condition of bangla desh is rising. and it will reduce corruption itself.
only elite class have to realise that the time is not in their hand. they have to adjust themselves as soon as possible before they will be washed away with the tide of time.
both leaders hasina and khalida must create 2nd line of the leader ship and as soon as possible handover the power to true representative of the people.
i have visited bangla desh when the economic condition was much worst but still i will not consider it as a failed state.
January 14, 2007 12:10 AM | Report Offensive Comments
Posted on January 14, 2007 00:10
What happeded during last 48 hours could have happened in last two months if there was a genuine and honest will behind.The way Bangladeshi democracy is run, it is in practice nothing but a medieval stylled kingship under a mask of democracy.
When it was a part of Pakistan, the people were alays told by the Bangalee politicians that Pakistan deprives them democratic rights and economic opportunities.After the creation of Bangladesh, long 36 years
have passed.The people did not see neither democracy nor economic opportunities.The power remained with two families. Sheik Mujib being the leader of the independence movement surrendered to Pakistany Military in the plea of saving the people, remained abscent throughout the war of Independence.When freed and returned to Dhaka, first thing he did was sacked Tajuddin Ahmed who led the war and Col Osmani who headed the Liberation Army. He remained influenced by his family members, and party associates who destryoed his image and power to work for the people.Rather he has chosen to remain life long president.So he crushed democracy and formed one party rule which brought his tragic end.
The benefit of the change went to Ziaur Rahman who practically called for the Independence War in absence of Mujib and ruled the country untill assassinated by his own Army.
The temporary opportunity was picked up by Pro-Pakistan Army led by Ershad who brought the whole system down to the earth with sky high corruption, manipulation and dirty politics.
The politics of the people then were vested on two successors of the late leaders not for their personal charishma or devotion but for the party comrades to take advantages of their late husband and father.
Since then the politics remained with sometime with these two women and sometime with the late leaders but never came to the reach of the mass.Meantime muscle grew to the extent of level that law could not handle.And preparation went on to shift the leadership now to the third generation
inside the families.
The two time convicted Ershad still remained as a critical factor.For very unknown reason Hasina,s Awami League seems to favor Ershad (or even obliged to him) in political turmoil.Hasina and Khaleda jointly agitating against Ershad,s rule suddenly upset the situation as Hasina participaed Ershad,s election against her overnight decision to boycott it.This time also Ershad was much welcome to hasina's camp with no apparent reason but to escape the conviction.
What Awami League agreed yesterday could have done long before.What BNP accepts now could have been accepted long before. Finally what President Iazuddin did could have done two months back saving lives, property economy and image of the country.If constitution can be avaoided now by appointing a person as Chief Adviser(out of the retired appealate division panel) what stopped him to do so two months back?What is seem to have happened is only he switched the side. Who will now give a verdict that Dr Fakhruddin is a neutral person? With universal adult franchise, can there be any really?
January 13, 2007 4:42 PM | Report Offensive Comments
Posted on January 13, 2007 16:42
An Opportunity for much-needed reforms
Declaration of emergency rule and subsequent appointment of a respected economist as the new caretaker chief have given the nation a window of opportunity to implement urgent constitutional, judicial and electoral reforms. Instead of hastily trying to pave way for new parliamentary elections, the caretaker government should immediately start taking some concrete steps such as separating the judiciary from the executive branch, empowering the fledgling independent anti-corruption commission and constituting meaningful electoral reforms that allow only capable and honest people to contest in local government and national polls. Despite their differences, one interest has always been common among the major political parties - never to make any reforms in these areas as that would have put a stop to the plundering of the nation by the members of these parties and their cronies. The time has come for putting an end to this systematic practice of taking turn in looting the country for 5 years in a row in the name of parliamentary mandate and democracy. The caretaker government should immediately take steps to start the process of investigating the source of wealth of political leaders, former members of parliaments and any persons of interest and if found guilty start judicial process against them. Until there are some exemplary punishments inflicted on many of these criminals masked as leaders and politicians, it will be very hard for the new caretaker government to gain confidence of the common mass.
Let it not be another imminent 5 years of business as usual plundering by one of the major parties.
January 12, 2007 4:44 PM | Report Offensive Comments
Posted on January 12, 2007 16:44