According to a recent book, "Anti-Americanisms in World Politics" by international relation scholars Peter Katzenstein and Robert Keohane, anti-Americanism comes in four distinct forms. There is "liberal anti-Americanism" seen in European democracies like France in which critics charge America is not living up to its values and ideals. "Social anti-Americanism" found in developing countries like Bolivia in South America comes from supporters of the social-welfare state model who oppose U.S.-led globalization. "Radical anti-Americanism" is the kind associated with Islamic fundamentalism found in the Middle East.

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By electing Barack Obama as the next President of the United States, the American people took on what would have been his first challenge: to restore faith in the idea of America as a country that stands for freedom, justice and equality.

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