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The U.S. should help Iraqis to relocate to safer neighborhoods or towns. It's the least we can do in this mess we had so much to do with creating. El Presidente is sleepwalking as a genocidal civil war has begun. The intense Kurdish desire for independence seems to be looming over the future as well.

Splitting Iraq into three regions Shiite, Sunni and Kurdisg regions At This Juncture May The Only Solution

Few days ago, the president of the autonomous region of Kurdistan, Mr Masoud Barzani told the visiting United
States Secretary of state Condoleesa Rice, that Kurdistan has the right for self-determination-meaning , they have the right to be a separate country by themselves
Modern Iraq is composed of the three Ottoman states of Mosul, Baghdad and Basra. For all practical purposes, these states have never coalesced very well as a real nation state. Through most of Iraq's modern history, beginning from 1932-the period of Iraq's nominal independence from Britain, these three states were kept together by force.

For all practical purposes the splitting of Iraq into three Kurdish, Sunni and Shiite states is naturally happening. Iraq today is not a functioning state. The Kurdish region in Northern Iraq was an autonomous region since 1991. This region is already functioning as a de facto independent state. They have all the institutions of a state in place, they even have a flag. The Kurdish region is waiting for the right time to declare its independence and their is no one who have the power to stop it. Even the state of Turkey who are vehemently opposed to an independent Kurdistan, can not win in an open war with Kurdistan. A Turkish invasion may lead into a complete rebellion of the Turkish Kurds.

The latter were already fighting Turkey for many years, in order to press Turkey to grant them an autonomous Kurdish state in Eastern Turkey. I myself agree with the idea of letting the Kurdish people to have their own state. It is quite mind boggling for about 40 million people scattered along across four international borders not to have a state. This is a classical case of the many injustices perpetrated by western colonial powers in the last century. The Iraqi Shiites are these days campaigning very hard, to carve their own autonomous Shiite region/state in southern Iraq. The major losers in the Iraqi split which is already taking place are the Sunnis Arabs, the rulers of Iraq, since its inception as a independent state in 1932 and beyond. The Sunni area at the center of Iraq is not an oil rich area.
The Iraq divorce will be messy and violent. There are bitterly disputed areas in the country, such as the oil rich city of Kirkuk. It is quite likely that the Sunnis may get the support of the Shiites in Kirkuk, if a major conflict over the city breaks out between the Kurds and the Sunnis. There is a significant Arab and Turkmen presence in Kirkuk, but the Kurdish are hell-bent on getting all of Kirkuk for themselves. The Kurds claim Kirkuk as theirs. According to the Kurds, Saddam Hussein has brought a huge number of Arab immigrants to Kirkuk, while at same time expelling Kurds. This claim has not been verified. For the Sunnis, wrestling Kirkuk from the Kurds will be a matter of life and death, and they will vigorously fight to realize that dream.

The Kurdish on their part has more than 100 thousand regular militia forces (the Peshmerga). Their forces are battle-hardened, disciplined and well-equipped. Foreign players such as Turkey, Iran, the Sunni Arab world will likely jump into to the fray in the coming inevitable messy divorce in Iraq.

Brief Background Information and Short History of Iraq

Iraq the great fertile land between the mighty, Koranic and biblical rivers of Tigress and Euphrates was the scene of numerous civilizations. This is the land of the great Sumerians, the Assyrians, and Babylonian civilizations. The land Hassan and Hussein died. The seat of the first Islamic Caliphate, the land of great poets like Imra-Al-Qays, Haruon Rashid and others, the center of the Kadiria sector of Sunni Islam and the burial site of its leader the refereed Abdul-kadir Al-Jiilani. Before world war one, or the first European war of the twentieth century, the three Iraqi provinces of Mosul, Bagdad and Basra were ruled by the Ottoman Turks. Following the end of world war one, the league of nations have mandated France to rule the Great Syria (ancient Bilad Al-Sham, comprising at the time of transjordan which was composed of Palestine,Lebanon and modern Syria). The British were mandated by the league of nations to rule the then Mesopotamia-modern iraq.

Among the string of many civilizations that sprang up in this great land between the two biblical rivers of Tigris and Euphrates, the following three major ones stood out: Assyrian, Babylonian and Sumerian.The Assyrians are well-known in their magnificent and ebullient architecture. They were the original architects of the most important buildings of Mesopotamia. The eloquence and ornateness of their architecture epitomizes the wealth and the achievements of the Assyrian empire in the 1st millennium B.C.
Babylon with its great king Hammurabi was well-known with the code of law.They were also well-known for their knowledge of astronomy.They were also so good in agricultural engineering, things such as building canals and so forth.
The sumerians were the first people to devise some form of a writing script. They also invented of a way of recording literature. The Sumerians were the first people to build city states, and nvented the first wheeled chariot for warfare.

Conclusion

So many conquerors have went through this great land of wonders, mystery, innovation and ancient civilization. The so-called Alxander the great of Mecedonia, the Mongols, the Othoman Turks, the British and the present Angol-American rulers currently occuping Iraq.

What was behind the huge interest of all those conquerers on Iraq is a 64 million question? I may not know the whole answer for this difficult question, but I will try my best to put the centripetal forces that have attracted so many invaders to Iraq.

Iraq was attractive to many past and present conquerors due to the following:

(1). its strategic location in the world at the center of ancient trade routes.
(2). Iraq has so much ancient history and architecture.
(3). It is the cradle of civilization.
(4). Numerous Islamic and Christain holy sites are locatd in Iraq.
(5). Modern Iraq has a huge oil wealth.
(6). It has a tremenedous agricultural potential.
(7). Iraq has huge water wealth.

Soleiman Egeh

There's a saying which is gaining currency within the Muslim world:
If you want to run a hospital, get a doctor, if you want to run a bank, get a banker, if you want to run a democracy, get a crook.

Interesting how the last post sums up the Muslim world and Middle East- he actually rejects Salahudeen, a unifier, upright, pious Muslim and the best Kurd there ever was; for corrupt politicans of today.
"We don't want what united us, civilized us, elevated us, humbled us. We [insert any nationalist, ethnic, tribal identity] only want riches and power for ourselves and to hell with everyone else!"

That mentality is why the Muslim world is full of crap today. And foreign powers eat up all the wealth and resources like predators on a carcass. Even tiny foreign powers of little consequence like Denmark can dominate Muslim countries like Egypt or Syria, make long term trade contracts, and then turn around and insult the Prophet Muhammad.

Mr Goth is right that dividing Iraq is not the answer.
But Mr Goth is ignores the fact that the responsibility of Iraq is on the people of Iraq AND the people of the region- NOT America. America is there ONLY for its own interests to install a region which caters to American interests. It is the Machiavellian way (chapter 5 "The Prince").

America has exacerbated divisions in Iraq for decades by supporting the Kurds and Shia against the Sunnis. DECADES. America IS the problem in Iraq. It has no altruistic or humanitarian OBLIGATION to be in Iraq.
If anything, it would be better for a neighboring nation to envelope Iraq, like Iran, Turkey, Syria, than keep America there. In the end, Iraq belongs to the people of the region, NOT to America. The Crate and Barrel metaphor is WRONG.

America, please save yourselves and go home. Let the people settle their own affairs, right or wrong, good or bad. That is the best thing for everyone. Declare victory and success and mission accomplished and go home.

What I don't want as a Kurd is a recreation of Ayyubid glory, we don't want wage war againt others by the name of Islam!. All we need is a country and a seat in the United Nations, not a sowrd and New Cursades!

The only practical answer is for the US to withdraw to the borders and agree to buy all the oil Iraq produces and pay the Sunni for it. This would enable the parties to bargain among themselves for the amount the Shia and the Kurds would receive for the production.

Such a plan will require each of the three caucuses to make provision for minority interests receiving a portion of the proceeds as well.

After a rocky start, the marketplace will determine that if the Sunni do not pay the Shia enough, no oil will be forthcoming and if the Shia demand too much the Sunni will have no reason to give up its portion. Margins will come to be and all parties will see that violence is antithetical to everyone's need.

At the same time the unity government, that we are attempting to establish, should administer the reparations and aid for rebuilding and construction of a true infrastructure that will work to unify the country and provide balanced industry and agriculture.

The US is able to do this because it can control the export of oil and can limit the nation's ability to have a cash flow other than from the oil and reconstruction.

Unless this sort of plan is effected, it will remain the sort of present circumstance where Sec. Rice goes there to urge cooperation. As if all they need is a woman nagging them to get on with it.

This plan will mean that the US must give up dictating production sharing agreements and deal with Iraq at market rates. The plan also is superior to partition which will lead to war and withdrawal which fails to establish a balance among the parties assuring endless blood letting.

Iraq is already divided .

The West ( read USA ) can not leave because of Iran .

The USA should relocate to Kurdistan and offer " precision bombing services " to one and all . The price would be the map co-ordinates of whoever we consider a terrorist .

The ensuing religious/civil war and the spread of herion will soon exhaust all concerned .

At this point we ( the West ) may be able to reason with the surviors .

The fragmentation of Iraq would save us from a civil war

Patience for the war has dropped sharply as optimism about the Iraqi elections in December has ebbed and violence against U.S. troops hasn't abated. The calculated outcome of the elections does not guarantee any shift in Iraq's stability. With the highest rate of disapproval at home, the Bush administration envisages mounting pressure to sketch a definite exist strategy for the US troops from Iraq.

By having enticed the Sunni insurgents to chip in the political process, the US was expectant that the ongoing chaos will come to an end or substantially minimized to relieve the gradual abandonment of US troops. On the contrary, if the Sunnis who make up the majority of the rebellion gain substantial power, they could strengthen their cohesion with the terrorist hordes, further broaden the margins of terror campaign and threaten US interests in the region. Hence, it would mean a more deadly war with myriad human casualties for coalition forces.

The victory in Iraq is enormously gainful for US standing and credibility world-wide. Therefore, they are capitalizing on every legitimate or illegitimate practice feasible to secure their opinionated goals.

The Department of Defense has allocated the most of its gigantic resources to overcome the prevailing mess and maintain Iraq's territorial integrity. Iraqi newspapers were disbursed to tout stories written by American troops in an effort to burnish the image of the U.S. mission in Iraq and circulate prevarications about the Kurds willing to remain part of Iraq. Dogged with Kurdish strong nationalistic reactions inflaming regional tensions, the US decided to defuse the Kurds tremendous influence by more engaging in talks with Sunni Arabs.

Neither the inclusion of Sunnis in the political course nor the US false advertisements in Iraqi media have been victorious in restoring durable peace and stability for Iraqi population. Most Iraqis share the reciprocal belief that even if the US troops evacuate Iraq, the terrorism and chaos will still remain an epidemic engulfing them.

Sunni Arabs with extensive knowledge of the insurgency believe that troop withdrawal by itself will not halt the violence consuming the country. In interviews conducted by telephone from the United States and in Iraq, political and religious leaders and other prominent Sunni Arabs warned that if a unilateral U.S. withdrawal is not accompanied by other steps, including negotiations with insurgent groups, an all-out civil war between the majority Shiites and the Sunnis could result.

Most elements of the terrorist operation cells are trained and well-resourced before being imported to Iraq through the route of Syrian, Turkish and Iranian boarders. The operational terrorists do not represent the actual components of Iraqi bloc. The only way for the US to win the war is to exert the maximum pressure on adjoining states to cooperate in blocking the infiltration of foreign insurgents into Iraqi soil. The sole inconsistency existing among the sundry ethnic groups is the apportionment of power. For that reason, if Iraq is fragmented into three entities, it would save all Iraqis from being imposed an internecine civil war.

The Right of Self-Determination

Michael Albert

The right to self-determination is considered jus cogens, and a part of customary international law that imposes binding obligations on all nation states. It is considered not simply a principle of international law, but rather an affirmative right of all peoples. It is seen as a prerequisite to any genuine enjoyment of any of the human rights. There are an estimated 140 minority groups around the globe, asserting their right to self-determination. Despite notable recognition of the right to self-determination, there is still a great deal of disagreement among states, and among international scholars, as to the scope and parameters of the right to self-determination, as well as who, exactly, is entitled to such a right. This "paradox of self-determination" has lead internationalists to question the true meaning of self-determination in the post cold war era. The question often asserted is whether the principle of self-determination actually grants an affirmative right to minorities and indigenous people to determine their own destiny, or is it merely a case of "a noble word being abused?"

Although the idea of self-determination is by no means new, scholars have yet to agree upon the actual source of its origin. President Woodrow Wilson was responsible for elevating the principle of self-determination to an international level when, in 1916, he included it in his fourteen points. Thereafter, while the League of Nations did not explicitly mention the principle of self-determination in its covenant, scholars agree that self-determination was "implicitly embodied in spirit in the mandate system of the League of Nations as a sacred trust of civilization . . . ." In 1945, self-determination gained strong support from various nation states that were under colonial rule, and it was eventually incorporated into the United Nations Charter. By the 1960s, the citing of the principle of self-determination had become common-place, appearing everywhere from the International Court of Justice advisory opinions, to the charters of regional organizations, to a significant number of major international conventions.

For some, the right to self-determination is limited strictly to those individuals who are under colonial rule or foreign occupation. This is known as external self-determination, and it gives those under the aforementioned circumstances the right to conduct their own affairs without any foreign interference. Yet for others, the right to self-determination is not limited to those under colonial rule or foreign occupation, but rather, it is given to all peoples, including minorities and indigenous people who live within the boundaries of an existing nation state. This is known as internal self-determination, which gives minorities and indigenous people the right to determine their own destiny. However, there is disagreement as to the scope of the right to internal self-determination given to minorities and the indigenous. Some argue that the right to internal self-determination encompasses the right to secede. Others assert that the right to internal self-determination is merely the right of minorities and indigenous peoples to have a representative democratic government chosen through a legitimate political process.

In the post cold war era, virtually all claims of a right to self-determination assert the right to secede, whether those claims were made by Chechnyans, Southern Sudanese, Quebecois, or Kurds. Nation states are quick to point out that minorities do not have the right to secede, since secession would not only violate their territorial integrity guaranteed them by the United Nations Charter, but would also be volatile of the doctrine of Uti Posseditis Juris. Adopted by the International Court of Justice in Bukrina Faso v. Republic of Mali, Uti Posseditis Juris requires the respect of the pre-established borders and frontiers. On the contrary, proponents of the right to secede argue that the territorial integrity of a state, as well as the pre-established borders and frontiers, have been arbitrarily drawn by colonial powers without regard to the ethnic minorities living within them. Proponents also insist that a genuine enjoyment of human rights must include the right to secede, since "it is for people to determine the destiny of the territory, not [for] the territory [to determine] the destiny of the people."

It is sometimes said that to accord international recognition to these separate national formations will lead to instability in the world order. The argument is not dissimilar to that which was urged a hundred years ago against granting universal franchise. It was said that to empower every citizen with a vote was to threaten the stability of existing state structures and the ruling establishment. But the truth was that it was the refusal to grant universal franchise which threatened stability ... Self determination is not a de destabilizing concept. Self determination and democracy go hand in hand. If democracy means the rule of the people, by the people, for the people, then the principle of self determination secures that no one people may rule another - and herein lays its enduring appeal.

The right of self-determination has long been recognized as an indisputable prerequisite to any genuine appreciation and enjoyment of human rights. It is a positive, legal obligation established by customary international law, multinational and bilateral treaties, including the United Nations Charter, in addition to various advisory opinions articulated by the International Court of Justice. It has been advocated for by leaders of great stature, such as Woodrow Wilson, to more obscure minority groups, such as the South Sudanese. Yet, despite the popularity of the principle of self-determination, a great deal of ambiguity as to its scope and breadth continue to undermine its true effectiveness as an affirmative right for those who are searching for a means by which to determine their own destiny and future.

Today, thousands of people are killed in their search for the illusive goal of self-determination. From Chechnya to South Sudan, and from Yugoslavia to Kurdistan, their search has leaded them to a dead-end road full of obstacles, resentments and a lack of recognition. But these people continue to put their lives on the line, hoping that those noble words of self-determination amount to much more than political rhetoric. So they continue to die, hoping that maybe, there is a genuine right of self-determination.

A decentralized system is the best approach to emasculate dictatorial regimes

Ahmad Zakhoi

With the decline and evaporation in the 19th and 20th centuries of monarchies based on hereditary descent, dictatorship became one of the two chief forms of government in use by most nations throughout Middle East , the other being constitutional democracy.

In a dictatorial regime, all the political power is concentrated in the hands of the Central Government. Dictators usually resort to force or fraud to gain despotic political power, which they maintain through the use of intimidation, terror, and the suppression of basic civil liberties. They may also employ techniques of mass propaganda in order to sustain their public support. This is precisely what one can perceive by some self-imposed regimes in countries like Iran, Iraq and Syria.

The US administration stepped up efforts to implement the democracy-propagation strategy to swap these overbearing regimes through apportioning immense budget and prompting pro-democracy supporters. Most Middle Eastern nations own viable, indigenous democratic movements. Also setting it apart, the United States is, for the most part, admired politically and culturally by many elements of democratic movements and by the population in general. To achieve its ultimate goals in eliminating such ruler regimes, the US should principally conceive such diplomacies and campaigns to impair such regimes. To emasculate these regimes, the US should distribute the political and administrative power by introducing a decentralized system. We will concisely specify the characterization and advantages of a decentralized type of administration.

Decentralization

Political decentralization aims to give citizens or their elected representatives more power in public decision-making. It is often associated with pluralistic politics and representative government, but it can also support democratization by giving citizens, or their representatives, more influence in the formulation and implementation of policies. Advocates of political decentralization assume that decisions made with greater participation will be better informed and more relevant to diverse interests in society than those made only by national political authorities.

Political decentralization often requires constitutional or statutory reforms, the development of pluralistic political parties, the strengthening of legislatures, creation of local political units, and the encouragement of effective public interest groups.

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Decentralization would help break absolute power structures, and it reduces the possibility that one political party or faction might take control over government affairs. It also allows for democratic pluralism through greater representation of different political, ethnic, religious and regional groups a process usually resisted for central government who fear lose of power.

Critics assert that decentralization poses a national unity, as it weakens allegiance to the state and encourages the emergence of separatist movements. On the contrary, decentralization increases political stability and national unity. It can contribute to political stability by power sharing. Such power-sharing at the sub-national level could give a voice to different minorities and political groups in local elections are underrepresented in national ones. Through the introduction of voting at various levels, (vertical distribution of power), national governments can reduce the occurrence and costs relentless and crippling struggles for national political power.

Why decentralization?

What are the expected outcomes of decentralization? Reaching out to civil society will broaden participation in political, economic and social activities that could strengthen the democratic process even further. Services will be provided more efficiently and effectively. The public sector will be forced to be accountable, increase the transparency of its work processes and become more responsive to citizens needs and desires. Particularly with regard to the issue of poverty reduction, marginalized regions and groups in society such as women, the urban and rural pour and ethnic minorities, will be given a greater say in matters. Hopefully, this should give them greater access to the political decision-making process thereby ensuring a more equitable distribution of resources.

Conclusion

Decentralized structure of governance in any nation makes for better delivery of services and hastens employment in every nook and corner of such a nation, thus enhancing its prosperity and greatness in the long run. It requires that every component section of the union fully participate as this makes for greater practice of democratic principles and is good for the nation in general.

It is a fact that the stable and prosperous nations of the world are those with strong economic and political democracies which evolve a decentralized form of governance, such as the United States and Germany. The advantages of the concept and practice of power devolution in any nation of the world, far outweigh the disadvantages. The stability and prosperity currently being enjoyed by such nations bear testimony to this.

Finally, decentralization of power provides an additional check against the abuse of power. Of course, checks and balances are needed within the central government itself. This is why there must be an independent parliament and judiciary, and effective auditing and counter-corruption mechanisms. But federalism can provide an additional bulwark against the concentration and abuse of power.

PARTITIONING IRAQ IS THE BEST WAY OUT

Baqi Barzani

At the crumbling of Ottoman Empire, the Kurds totaling 40 millions, colonized in the territory of southern Turkey, northern Iraq and western Iran were isolated by four national boundaries. An abrupt structure was stage-managed to serve the political intents of the imposing powers lacking the reflections of its citizens. In the Treaty of Sevres, which carved up the Ottoman Empire after World War I, Kurds right for nation-state independence was trampled upon. In contrast to most analysts, the Kurdish aspirations for independence existed prior to the creation of artificial Iraq with its capricious margin sketch. The incessant humiliation, containment and privation only expedited the course of nationalistic reaction. Since last century, a series of partisan revolts had effect in the history of Iraq but all were quelled forcefully due to inattention and absconding of the Allies. From the very groundwork, the various ethnic and religious factions were held together by abysmal force and authoritarian rule. The Kurds are never inclined to bow out their political, cultural and historical demands and steadily discern independence as their legitimate and national right. The Iraqi new constitution endorses the partition of Iraq into three disparate entities, in addition.

It is indisputably and ultimately up to the Iraqi people to freely determine their political destiny through democratic means and intellectual capacity and without any coercion or foreign intervention. If the people of Iraq deem the concept of carving up Iraq along sectarian lines as the best way out, the U.S., Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Iran should not enforce their own agendas.

In consistent to the referendum, 99% of Kurds marked their ballots for independence. If U.S. chants empathy and advocates democracy, then it should act in the common interests of Iraqi people not the adjoining countries. The bordering nations should also value the logic of Iraqi people as regards: sovereignty, independence, fragmentation or national unity of Iraq as well as the relevance of the principles of non-interference in internal affairs. The Kurds have already demonstrated their ability to govern their own affairs and modernized the de facto independent Kurdistan for the last decade into economic affluence and model democratic society. Critics voicing discord to the partitioning of Iraq are not enough cognizant about the extent of bullying, ethnic cleansing, mass murder, devastation and pressure inflicted upon the Kurds in North and Shiites population in South for decades by the repetitive Arab tyrants, totalitarian and one-party regimes.

American costly war is causing more human causalities and followed by strong skepticism inside and outside. If the state of affairs persists, threat of a civil war among Iraq's major religious and ethnic groups - the Sunni the Shiites and the Kurds is inevitable and multi-fold pricey to American government. Partitioning Iraq along ethnic lines to wrap up the long-standing tension between Kurds, Sunni and Shiites is viable and in consistent to the desires of the greater part of Iraqi people.