Wendy Doniger

Wendy Doniger

Professor of the History of Religions, University of Chicago’s Divinity School

Wendy Doniger (O’Flaherty) is the Mircea Eliade Distinguished Service Professor of the History of Religions at the University of Chicago’s Divinity School. The “On Faith” panelist also teaches in the University’s Department of South Asian Languages and Civilizations. She also serves on the University’s Committee on Social Thought. Doniger’s research and teaching center on Hinduism and mythology, with courses in the latter focusing on cross-cultural themes. Her courses in Hinduism cover a broad spectrum, including mythology, literature, law, gender, and ecology. After training as a dancer under George Balanchine and Martha Graham, Doniger earned two doctorates in Sanskrit and Indian Studies from Harvard and Oxford Universities. Before moving to the University of Chicago in 1978, she taught at Harvard, Oxford, the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London, and the University of California at Berkeley. She has served as president of the American Academy of Religion and of the Association of Asian Studies. She holds four honorary degrees and serves on the International Editorial Board of the Encyclopedia Britannica and on the board of Daedalus. In 2000, she was recognized by PEN Oakland for excellence in multi-cultural non-fiction for Splitting the Difference: Gender and Myth in Ancient Greece and India (1998). That same year she received the British Academy’s Rose Mary Crawshay prize for her work on myths about sex: The Bedtrick: Tales of Sex and Masquerade (2000). Doniger has authored more than 20 other books, including translations of Sanskrit texts, among which are The Rig Veda: An Anthology (1981); Laws of Manu(1991) [with Brian K. Smith], and Kamasutra(2002) [with Sudhir Kakar]. She also wrote The Woman Who Pretended To Be Who She Was (2005) and Off with Her Head! The Denial of Women's Identity in Myth, Religion, and Culture [with Howard Eilberg Schwartz]. Close.

Wendy Doniger

Professor of the History of Religions, University of Chicago’s Divinity School

Wendy Doniger (O’Flaherty) is the Mircea Eliade Distinguished Service Professor of the History of Religions at the University of Chicago’s Divinity School. The “On Faith” panelist also teaches in the University’s Department of South Asian Languages and Civilizations. more »

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Mormons in the Mythical Mainstream

The problematic “m” word in this week’s question is not “Mormonism” but “mainstream”: If you tell me where the mainstream is, I’ll tell you if the Mormons are in it.

There are surely more people who call themselves Christians in America than there are anything else, but the spectrum of their far more than 57 different varieties is so diverse, and there are now so many other religions in America, that it is hard to be certain precisely where the Mormons fit in. All that most Americans know about Mormons is that the men have lots and lots of wives, which isn’t true; but then, what most people know about most religions, including their own, isn’t true.

Most people have a mental map of the religious landscape of America just as screwy as the map that Saul Steinberg constructed his famous view of the world looking West from Manhattan, with New Jersey and points beyond it an increasingly distorted brown blur; on this map, the Mormons occupy roughly the space that Steinberg allotted to, say, Utah. Peripheral people such as Jews, not to mention American Muslims, probably have a more realistic map in their heads than “mainstream” Christians have, for they are at least well aware that, whoever it is that occupies the Archimedean point from which the Steinberg snap-shot is taken, it’s not them.

For there really is no mainstream; there are just larger or smaller by-waters. And among those by-waters the Mormons might be grouped with the religions whom most Americans generally define, theologically speaking, as "those-people-who-knock-on-your-door-and-give-you-pamphlets,” or locate somewhere between the horse-drawn Amish and the covens of New-Age Pagans. Indeed, most people probably regard Mormons as closer to the imaginary epicenter of the unofficial ecclesiastical map than some of the even more exotic religions like Zen Buddhism or Tantrism.

So, on the one hand, Americans think that Mormons are a lot weirder than they really are, but, on the other hand, Americans have become more accepting of religions that they regard as weird (there’s a word for this: pluralism). But, alas, the two options posed by the question are hardly mutually exclusive: if Mormonism has in fact come to be regarded as a part of the mythical mainstream, that might make people all the more suspicious of it.

The history of religions has demonstrated time and time again that dominant religions that are disdainfully tolerant of small religious movements as long as they remain small become vengeful, jealous gods when the movements become fruitful and multiply. It’s more peaceful back in the by-waters.

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