Under God

Guest Blog Post: The Architecture of Belief

Holocaust memorial in Berlin
Visitors to Berlin's Holocaust memorial. (Fabrizio Bensch - Reuters)

I want to start by thanking Claire both for trusting me with "Under God" while she's away and for letting our longstanding discussions of belief spill into the public realm. I've known Claire for just over 10 lovely years. We met while studying the anthropology of religion together at the University of California - Santa Cruz, and our shared interest in the topic soon led to weekend retreats at born again churches and lengthy conversations about the mechanics of religious awakening. Over the last decade of wandering and working and studying, we've continued our discussion of how brilliantly weird and complicated belief is, and how captivating it can be.

My professional expertise is in neither journalism nor religion: I am an architect. But I recognize that architecture has historically been both an agent and a subject of religious power, and I am particularly interested in how architecture can enrich our understanding of belief.

One of the greatest contemporary examples of architecture's ability to communicate the sacred is Berlin's Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, by architect Peter Eisenman. The work is one of architecture's most deft mappings of belief and religion. It positions us in an atmosphere outside of belief where we can experience the incomprehensible.

I went to speak with Eisenman last week mostly because I wanted to hear from one of the brilliant architects of our time. But I also wanted to learn if and how he felt architecture could negotiate competing political, religious, and historical forces in a way that enriches our world rather than dividing us. Eisenman wrestled one of the great works of contemporary architecture from the Holocaust, so I assumed that perhaps he had ideas on how to transcend our current cultural and political dramas.

ME: How do you approach the Holocaust as something that can be in any way represented, or is that even something you were after? How do you tackle such a loaded topic via architecture?

PE: Well, it's not an easy question because I had to tackle it architecturally. I think most attempts at architecture have not been, for me, successful. They tend to be nostalgic for this awful event. You cannot memorialize this action. And so the field of silence, basically, doesn't say anything. It has no direction, it has no meaning, it has no, no nothing, it’s just a field of pillars that stands mute in the Berlin context.

I think when one considers the Holocaust, as far as I'm concerned, silence is more appropriate than speaking. And when architecture tries to speak it becomes mock-ish, sentimental, and banal.

Everybody says, well, what does this mean? It doesn't mean anything; it is. And it is there to experience its being, and being of being there. But basically that is it.

ME: Architecture of this sort doesn't exist, as far as I have seen...

PE: A lot of people have told me how moved they've been by it, and I appreciate that, I think we were, we hit it, we were lucky. I feel that enough people have, in their own way, whether they jump up on the pillars, or play tag, or make love, or whatever, they all seem to feel something about it that’s different. There’s a difference between making a memorial and the camps themselves -- the memorial is not the place where it all took place, so it's something other. It has a distance from the camps. When it becomes integrated into the daily being of Berliners. I think that makes it a success. You know? Meet me at the Holocaust memorial. Or I'm going to a field trip at the Holocaust memorial. Now at least 3 million people per year say that to someone else.

ME: So it's just of the world? What I've been thinking through is how people tend to map their own ideas to architectural projects...

PE: They always will. They do map, people map it to anything

ME: For me it produces a sort of atmospheric experience, I don't know where it lands.

PE: No, you don't need to know. But you can't ask me to explain to you what feelings that you have. I'm the last person who can say to you how we did it, because I don't know.

-- Alexander Pincus

Editor's Note: Alexander Pincus has taught architecture at the University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University and is a co-founder of Bureau V.

By

Claire Hoffman

 |  April 21, 2008; 3:46 PM ET  |  Category:  Under God
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eisenman is too interested in the ontology of architecture and should probably look less towards a caretsian notion of space and more towards the latent spiritualism of building and inhabiting, as alexander pincus does.

Posted by: t hull | April 22, 2008 12:44 PM
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We suffered a great deal during the Holocaust. As chosen people of god, we should not have been killed by the Nazis.

Now, the world owes the Jews the proper respect and be subservient to our needs.

Jews are great!

We did not kill Jesus, but are disgusted by Christians who think that he was the son of god.

Actually, most of us think that Jesus is just a fictional character.

Rabbi Goldstein--- NYC

Posted by: Jews Are Omnipotent--- Unstoppable | April 22, 2008 3:47 PM
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Nice article. I've been to the memorial, and you covered it perfectly. It is a solemn place, but also part of cosmopolitan Berlin, and you can't help but feel awe at the way this somewhat unorthodox design hits a person.

And for everybody else...the hate I see in here is beyond disgusting. Your comments belong on a distant blog no one can see, not on the Washington Post.

Posted by: Andrew | April 22, 2008 4:04 PM
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Now if the white settlers and the missionaries,and the jewish people who own manhattan and newyork would build a memorial to the 12,000,000 aboriginal people slaughterd in the americas,but thats right we are unclean and deserved what we got.Its your world we just live in it.We have more holocaust museums in america then the ones dealing with the murder of the unclean "indian",religion has a sick history.

Posted by: geronimo | April 22, 2008 6:15 PM
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Now if the white settlers and the missionaries,and the jewish people who own manhattan and newyork would build a memorial to the 12,000,000 aboriginal people slaughterd in the americas,but thats right we are unclean and deserved what we got.Its your world we just live in it.We have more holocaust museums in america then the ones dealing with the murder of the unclean "indian",religion has a sick history.

Posted by: geronimo | April 22, 2008 6:17 PM
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"Starting in 1942, the Jews began circulating rumors that they were all being killed. These rumors filtered through various news agencies, from various sources.

By 1945, the Jews had forged tens of thousands of Nazi documents, all "proving" that the Nazis had committed mass murder. The Jews invented the whole thing in a whirlwind effort. They invented the places where the gassings took place. They researched and invented the techniques that were used. They forged photographs and wove them into the documentary record.

Their Jewish chemists figured out which perfectly ordinary buildings would be palmed off as gas chambers. They forged reports of how well the gassing operations were going. They forged reports to Hitler saying that the Eastern territories were free of Jews."
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Is that so? Then how do you explain all of the dead bodies buried in mass graves all over the Nazi-occupied territories? Did Jews invent those bodies, too? Or the stench of burning human flesh that wafted over the areas around the death camps and was reported by non-Jews living in those areas? How do you explain the camera footage from American and Russian soldiers that liberated the camps, showing dead and dying people in large numbers? Where the soldiers all conspiring Jews? You are a bigoted idiot!

Posted by: Jeff | April 23, 2008 8:40 AM
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"Now if the white settlers and the missionaries,and the jewish people who own manhattan and newyork would build a memorial to the 12,000,000 aboriginal people slaughterd in the americas,but thats right we are unclean and deserved what we got.Its your world we just live in it.We have more holocaust museums in america then the ones dealing with the murder of the unclean "indian",religion has a sick history."
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Only a bigot would deny a memorial to one tragedy because another tragedy isn't recognized with a memorial. Jews own Manhattan? Guess again, genius! It always amazes me that bigoted people so often complain about the bigotry of others without the humilty to look at their own hypocrisy.

Posted by: Jeff | April 23, 2008 8:44 AM
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"Now if the white settlers and the missionaries,and the jewish people who own manhattan and newyork would build a memorial to the 12,000,000 aboriginal people slaughterd in the americas,but thats right we are unclean and deserved what we got.Its your world we just live in it.We have more holocaust museums in america then the ones dealing with the murder of the unclean "indian",religion has a sick history."
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Let's see if I understand your reasoning: because the genocide of Native Americans hasn't been recognized with a memorial, it follows that Judaism is evil, because memorials to the Jewish Holocaust exist? And Jews own Manhattan?! That is the "reasoning" of a bigot-hypocrite.

Posted by: Gumby | April 23, 2008 8:48 AM
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Geronimo has a point
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum opened about ten years before the National Museum of the American Indian. The holocaust a tragic significant event However it was not an American event it does not belong on the National Mall. There is no public outcry for the a National Killing Fields Museum to commemorate and educate about the Khmer Rouge. The American Indian History IS American culture you cannot split them.

Posted by: he has a point | April 23, 2008 10:38 AM
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"Geronimo has a point
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum opened about ten years before the National Museum of the American Indian. The holocaust a tragic significant event However it was not an American event it does not belong on the National Mall. There is no public outcry for the a National Killing Fields Museum to commemorate and educate about the Khmer Rouge. The American Indian History IS American culture you cannot split them."
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No, he doesn't have a point. The Holocaust Museum was funded entirely privately. And, you are incorrect - it is not located on the Mall. Have you ever been there? The Museum of the American Indian is not only on the Mall, it is close to the Capitol.

Posted by: Jeff | April 23, 2008 2:05 PM
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Actually the Holocaust was an American event in that Rome's American Fifth Column, emboldened, having not been extirpated after their murders of a number of leaders and presidents - and the successful lynching of Leo Frank, financed the rise of Nazism and Hitler through the author of "I Paid Hitler," papal baron, Fritz "The Rockefeller of Germany" Thyssen. He got that nickname because Germany knew the money was from the Vatican's correspondent banker and Bush overlords the Rockefellers...taking the money from Rome's collection plates on Monday mornings and investing it in Rome's European catspaw Adolph Hitler.

Google: "Prescott Thyssen Auschwitz" if you care to know how it is only the Roman Catholics on the Supreme Court voted to unconstitutionally appoint a homosexual draft-dodger as POTUS...whose father "couldn't recall" his whereabouts upon hearing of John Kennedy's assassination.

But above all read "A Moral Reckoning," by Goldhagen to know Rome's culpability for the Holocaust.

www.theamericanfundament.blogspot.com

Posted by: Will Jones | April 23, 2008 4:50 PM
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1

Posted by: Anonymous | April 23, 2008 7:39 PM
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People keep making Hitler and Holocaust out to be something monstrously aberrant. So when America succumbs to hyper-nationalism, invades a country to defend ourselves against invisible threats, and then begins opening detainee camps there, no one can see the similarities. Flag pins are kind of like Swastikas -- public leaders like presidential candidates are asked about their patriotism if they do not wear one. Of course, the biggest mistake would be to blame one person -- Hitler or Bush -- for what we as a country either did or permitted to be done in our name.

Anyway, none of that. How could such monstrous evil have happened in 20th century Europe? Never again. Never again.

Posted by: Kacoo | April 24, 2008 2:21 AM
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