Willis E. Elliott
Minister, teacher, author

Willis E. Elliott

A United Church of Christ and American Baptist minister, Elliott has been a pastor, teacher, lecturer, dean, church executive. He is the author of six books.

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Condemn Torture, Then Define It

The UN Convention Against Torture states that torture should be abolished because it violates "human dignity." From your perspective, what is wrong with torture? Should perpetrators be prosecuted? What does your faith tradition have to say about torture?

1.....Senator John McCain admits that under torture, he betrayed his country. This proves that (1) torture for information sometimes is successful, and (2) those who claim that torture never works - never obtains valuable information - are wrong. Torture is ambiguous, its value is challenged, and its use should be restrained, by its violation of some essential human values.

2.....Torture means inflicting some type of pain to achieve some purpose. Besides being used to extract information, it is practiced by most nations to maintain power by preserving order and by insurgents to gain power by destroying order through terrorism. Some cultures use torture for crime-control: the fear of torture is thought to give would-be criminals second thoughts. Some jurisprudence sentences egregious offenders to death by torture on the conviction that (1) painless death would be insufficient punishment, and (2) painful death is a more effective deterrent of crime than painless death. Kidnappers, hijackers, pirates may use the threat of torture to get what they want.

3.....But besides being ambiguous, torture is paradoxical. The human tendency to evil needs restraint, one means of restraint is extracting information indicating evil intent, and torture to extract such information (1) has evil effects on the torturers and their societies, and (2) is itself difficult to restrain, especially when driven by fear or vengeance.

4.....My church, the United Church of Christ, has had a consistent record of opposing torture. Our chief executive, John Thomas, was one who encouraged President-Elect Obama to ban torture early in office: "the use of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment of prisoners is immoral, unwise, and un-American." An equally strong position was taken by the general secretary (A. Roy Medley) of my other church, the American Baptist Churches USA. The second day in office, President Obama did ban torture and, among other things, provided the International Committee of the Red Cross with access to U.S.-held detainees. Now the application problem: defining torture.

By Willis E. Elliott  |  April 28, 2009; 12:04 AM ET
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TO BIOS:
1
You are correct that we Christians see, in humanity, both good & evil tendencies. Some of us call it "critical realism."
2
Torture is the inflicting of avoidable (& therefore unnecessary) or excessive pain. An instance of avoidable: a dentist who skimps on anodyne. An instance of excessive: a parents who beats a child instead of giving only enough spanking to get the job done. Long solitary confinement is torture.

Posted by: Willis E. Elliott | May 3, 2009 11:17 PM
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TO LEWAML:

My title is "Condemn torture, then define it." John McClain said that the worst torture he ever experienced was solitary confinement.

Your moral absolutism seems to me arrogant & unchristian. Do you really believe that solitary confinement is, under all circumstances, torture & therefore wrong?

Posted by: Willis E. Elliott | May 3, 2009 11:06 PM
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The accomplishment of ANY desired end - no matter how laudable - is NEVER justified when the means employed to accomplish that end are questionable at best. I am a christian and I am sickened to learn, according to a recent Pew Research Poll, that there are many American christians who apparently deem the use of torture appropriate in some instances. It is the torturer who loses his/her own soul and it is an indictment of any society that supports its use as an instrument of public policy. This president has got it exactly right: the use of torture has a corrosive effect on the soul of a nation. Democracy is frequently a messy and inconvenient enterprise. But Lincoln was exactly right, for all time and forever, when he said: " Let us strive to learn that it is right that makes for might." God help us all, if we succumb to the temptation to take some convenient "short cuts" in the search for the "evil doers" and attempts to bring them before the bar of justice. For in the doing, we will have become just like them! The moral high ground is the only viable position for us to take as a nation, seeing as how we have been crowing about our own exceptionalism for a very long time.

Posted by: lewaml | May 1, 2009 11:55 AM
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I basically agree w/Pagan, specially concerning item 3 and I would like to highlight and repeat after her, the tendency of humans is not to “evil”. This is definitely one of those old die-hard convictions that religion has been so successful at inculcating.
Humans have been for the most part in their history, trying to survive, living in fear, hunger, cold and sickness. What evil did they do then? ....So this means that doing “evil” is something “newer”, that did not exist then but it does now?

Torture is cruel and I don’t think more cruelty is the only solution to any of our problems. Like Pagan says below, torture breaks people. It’s not even a suggested method to get the truth out of someone. There are numerous accounts of people lying under torture only to alleviate the pain. So the torturer does not get the truth and the tortured already lost. Which means that at the end of the day, it’s a lose-lose situation.

I’m glad to hear that your church has a record of opposing torture and takes a strong stance against it, Mr. Elliott.

Defining torture should prove interesting. I get the feeling you already have a definition, would you care to through it out?

Posted by: Bios | April 30, 2009 12:02 AM
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It's a tough topic for me, Reverend, if you couldn't guess, but bear with me, here:

"3.....But besides being ambiguous, torture is paradoxical. The human tendency to evil needs restraint, one means of restraint is extracting information indicating evil intent, and torture to extract such information "

This... Is your problem. The 'tendency' of humans is *not* to 'evil.'

'Evil to him who thinks evil.'

Evil is born from *fear* of evil.

People don't do torture in any form without being scared or alienated from their humanity.

Torture comes from the idea 'Evil must be restrained.' Then people become 'evil' to you, people end up chained in dark places... hurting them makes you feel a little powerful a while, but doesn't take away the fear, so clearly more extreme methods are needed...

And you become monsters. It's true in metaphor as it is in unfortunate direct reality.


"(1) has evil effects on the torturers and their societies, and (2) is itself difficult to restrain, especially when driven by fear or vengeance."

This much is true. But it's not going to get any less 'difficult' if you cling to the fear of 'evil' while trying to figure out when to use such methods and say 'On the balance, good.'

It's *not* good.

No excuses.

Ever-loving Goddess of Mercy, can't you *see* that?


Posted by: Paganplace | April 29, 2009 5:44 PM
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"1.....Senator John McCain admits that under torture, he betrayed his country. This proves that (1) torture for information sometimes is successful, and (2) those who claim that torture never works - never obtains valuable information - are wrong. Torture is ambiguous, its value is challenged, and its use should be restrained, by its violation of some essential human values."

Actually, Reverend, McCain 'betrayed' his country by *doing and saying what the torturers wanted him to do.*

Torture works fine for *that,* it just doesn't yield as reliable intel as other forms of interrogation. To wit, the cruelty's unnecessary, and for the most part, is only good for getting someone to say what the torturer wants to hear. Good for getting people to 'confess to religions,' ...not so good at all at 'saving lives from ticking bombs'

It's only good for *breaking* people. I'm not even *talking* about just *tuning someone up* or 'scaring or beating the truth out of em' ...if that works, it works immediately, and that kind of stuff doesn't hold up in a court of law for a lot of good reasons.

'Torture' in practice isn't a bit out of an hour's TV drama, it's a pretty diabolical practice of cruelty ...it can go on for hours or days or more... when people *think* it's justified, most especially by *religion,* but also other fears... and I think the drama about it confuses people We like to think it's about the bold hero standing up to the pain and privation, or, alternately, the fanatical villain finally yielding to base fears and being 'defeated' by the righteous, but it's not that.

It *causes* you to *dissociate.*

(As does a lot of fanatical training, apparently)


It's not good, sir. One of those memories I don't want anymore in the next life is someone demanding a 'confession' out of me, ...I couldn't even fricking remember what I'd been accused of. Maybe if I could, I would have done so.


They couldn't have gotten the last week's *lunch menu* out of me if I had really wanted to give it to them. And, I really didn't. The rest of the world was pretty much gone and those doing it were not my friends.

There's no 'truth,' no *virtue,* no justification, it's just cruelty. Ends up so the people *doing* it are the ones most affected, cause once they're in so deep in that dark place, there *must* be some good reason for it, right?


I think that's one thing you Christians don't understand, with your 'judgmental' God of justifications and confessions.

It's not *even* so much about what's done to the tortured. Or how to excuse it. It's what happens to the torturer.

Lady knows there's *something* they can't take away from you. But that thing is not words or information.

Posted by: Paganplace | April 29, 2009 5:23 PM
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