Susan Brooks Thistlethwaite
Professor, Chicago Theological Seminary

Susan Brooks Thistlethwaite

Former president of Chicago Theological Seminary (1998-2008), Thistlethwaite is a senior fellow at the Center for American Progress.

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Eve Was Empowered

There can be a paradoxical relationship between religion and the empowerment of women. On the surface it might seem, for example, that conservative religion in particular only works for women's disempowerment. In practice, however, sometimes the very religion that seems to denigrate women can empower them.

Conservative Christian religious leaders preach to women that they are Eve, should "keep silent in the churches" and "cannot hold authority over men." In 1984, the Southern Baptist Convention, controlled by Fundamentalists, opposed the ordination of women as deacons or pastors. Their objection was based on their "biblical" view that men are "first in the order of creation" and women are "first in the order of sin". The Southern Baptists decided women were unfit for ministry because of Eve's disobedience in eating the apple and thus getting both herself and Adam ejected from the Garden of Eden by God. Indeed. It doesn't seem like there is a lot there to empower women in the SBC.

Not so fast. Right-wing women can accrue a great deal of both religious and political power by working within a system that on the surface appears to be designed for their disempowerment. Andrea Dworkin's suggested this long ago in Right-Wing Women: The Politics of Domesticated Women.

Sarah Palin is scarcely the first right-wing woman to have moved into political power through conservative Christianity and she will not be the last. Indeed, I suspect the success of Palin will drive even more right-wing women to get into politics. Both on the local level and now in national politics, Palin has ridden a faith, family and cultural patriotism route to a great deal of power. She combines lipstick, children and references to God with an appeal to "real Americans" from small towns. She inherits this model (though she has plainly improved upon it) from anti-gay, religiously conservative women such as Phyllis Schlafly or Anita Bryant. The faith, family and cultural patriotism model is also the route to women's empowerment in an organization like Concerned Women for America.

But it is also the case that women can become empowered by religion precisely by leaving it. By rebelling against conservative religion, these women can achieve cultural power. One of the most fascinating examples of this is Ayaan Hirsi Ali. As most people in the West know, Ali is a Somali woman who escaped on her way to a forced marriage in Canada and successfully sought political asylum in Holland. She worked and educated herself, became a Dutch citizen and began to speak publicly in Holland about the mistreatment of Muslim women around the world. She eventually won election to the Dutch parliament. She has been horribly persecuted by fundamentalist Muslims for this and has been forced into hiding. She is current residing in the U.S.

One might not think that it was Islam that empowered Ali. Yet, in her book, Infidel, she describes how she felt as a teenager, voluntarily wearing a hijab, an all-enveloping black garment that hides women's bodies: "It sent out a message of superiority: I was the one true Muslim. All those other little girls with their little white headscarves were children, hypocrites."

Sometimes the only way women can become empowered in religion is to rebel against its restrictions on them. Paradoxically, however, many times it is still through religion that women find the self-worth to resist.

Not so easy to decide whether religion empowers women or not, is it?

By Susan Brooks Thistlethwaite  |  October 21, 2008; 11:23 AM ET Save & Share:  Send E-mail   Facebook   Twitter   Digg   Yahoo Buzz   Del.icio.us   StumbleUpon   Technorati  
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CCNL

I am not a myth and I have met God the Father and God the Holy Spirit and I also know that the Catholic Eucharist is Jesus since It was the Holy Spirit that revealed it to me.

I have also met satan.

Whether or not anyone believes that I have met God and have met satan is not what I have been writing about, I have been chosen to tell the world that God's Plan will come to Fruition and that His Plan is for ALL OF HUMANITY.

I am just a messenger, Jesus was a Messenger and The Message, big difference.

There are some things that I know and there are also some things that I believe and I try to differentiate between the two.

By the way, God is not the big dictation machine in the sky nor is He the cop in the sky but He is a BEING OF PURE LOVE.

Actually, I went to Mass this morning and in the Gospel, Jesus spoke of this and it came from the Gospel of Luke when He says, "I have come to bring Fire to this world and I wish it was already burning".

This "Fire" is "Pure Love" which is God.

As far as my reply to what YANGPU6 wrote, why not read what it says and if you would like, make a rely to what it says, not just your pre-canned reply.

Take care, be ready.

Sincerely, Thomas Paul Moses Baum.

Posted by: ThomasBaum | October 23, 2008 11:01 AM
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Thomas The Hallucinator and Old Time "Myther" Baum,

A & E are mythical creatures. Ditto for the "ugly, wingie thingies" aka "demons of the demented" aka satans/devils.

Posted by: CCNL | October 23, 2008 10:39 AM
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YANGPU61

You wrote, "If Eve's crime, as described in Genesis, is indeed true".

Think about it, it took satan's deception to deceive Eve but all it seemed to take for Adam was to be offered the forbidden fruit, who comes across as the weaker of the two?

Of course God also said, "I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and hers; He will strike at your head, while you strike at his heel.", this "you" is satan.

Even tho satan was and is very cunning, satan is a loser.

As you may or may not know " the woman" is Mary and she said YES and with her YES the Second Person of the Trinity, simultaneously, became the Son of God and the Son of Man, Jesus, God-Incarnate.

Take care, be ready.

Sincerely, Thomas Paul Moses Baum.

Posted by: ThomasBaum | October 22, 2008 7:02 PM
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Inequality of women within the Christian faith and within the hierarchy of the Christian Clergy, and the inequality of women within the Christian domestic domain, has its foundation, if one is a practicing Christian, in the Holy Bible.

If Eve's crime, as described in Genesis, is indeed true, and if we reflect on the unshakable and enduring nature of the Original Sin, which the Christians make so much about, then isn't this reason enough for the Priestly reluctance of women to equitably partake in theological affairs?, and also isn't it reason enough that the men of the Christian faith can legitimately adopt a similar attitude towards women within the domestic domain?

I am not a Christian. Never have been. Never will. But the subject is important, interesting and inviting.

Posted by: yangpu61 | October 22, 2008 5:46 PM
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Hmmm, Queen Hillary C. is not a "Judas Horse"?? She fits the definition a lot more than Sarah P.

Posted by: CCNL | October 22, 2008 3:25 PM
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I just can't stress that enough, Palin doesn't represent 'women's empowerment,' she just got herself a cushy gig as a 'Judas Horse.'

In ranching, that's the domesticated horse that leads wilder ones into the corral.

And for someone who believes 'women should submit to their husbands'... it's pretty stunning we haven't looked too much *at* that husband, the Alaska separatist who had his own desk in her office to pursue Troopergate with.

The *actual* strong woman in the race has been called all manner of nasty things by Christian conservatives, ...and they never considered *her* husband or how she handled her marriage off limits. That's cause she *earned* it. Like a *real* empowered woman.

So happens I liked Obama better, and came to really have some distaste for how Hillary ended up running her campaign at the end.

But at least she *was* running her campaign. And we were voting for her or for someone else on her *merits,* not how much approval religious conservatives would give her for toeing the line and taking away the rights of women that don't share her privilege.

Posted by: Paganplace | October 22, 2008 12:20 PM
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Paganplace, Paganplace, Paganplace,

Hmmm, resorting to using "MILF" is bit out of place for a good witch like yourself. Easy girl, Wicca won't end because of Sarah Palin!!!

Posted by: CCNL | October 22, 2008 12:12 PM
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Is Palin really empowered to do anything but be rewarded for doing and saying what she's told to?

That's not empowerment, that's, frankly, being a tool. It doesn't help the notion of women's empowerment for a former beauty queen and sportscaster to get a nomination handed to her as a 'MILF' with a lot of kids, conservative ideology that seeks to *disempower women,* ...and a manifest unsuitability for the job, any real inquiry about such being something from which she's 'protected' by others who keep her away from 'hard' (ie, basic) questions?

That's not empowering women, that's, frankly, just rewarding her for representing the worst in sexism.

Posted by: Paganplace | October 22, 2008 11:57 AM
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In some respects, I almost feel as though women who feel religion empowers them suffer a form of Stockholm syndrome. when a religion carves out a niche, puts you i and says basically bloom where you are planted, sometimes you forget the prison bars because the cell is so pretty. Not all religions restrict women, but certainly the more fundamentalist one. I know for my own faith, i have heard ultra-orthodox women extol their lifestyles. Yet they cannot divorce (it must be the man), they cannot practice birth control,even on the hottest days they must be completely covered up, and they essentially live in a community of women within the community of men. They have limited freedoms.

On the other hand, perhaps by accepting these limits and seeing them as positives, the force of their empowerment lies in the fact that they themselves have defined it as such.

Maybe the question isn't whether or not religion empowers women as much as how do different women define empowerment?

Posted by: sparrow4 | October 21, 2008 11:56 PM
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Well it is obvious from the Worst Book Ever Written aka the koran, that Islam does not empower women, nor did "Prude St. Paul!!!!

Some other excerpts from Hirsi Ali's autobiography, Infidel:

"Thus begins the extraordinary story of a woman born into a family of desert nomads, circumcised as a child, educated by radical imams in Kenya and Saudi Arabia, taught to believe that if she uncovered her hair, terrible tragedies would ensue. It's a story that, with a few different twists, really could have led to a wretched life and a lonely death, as her grandmother warned. But instead, Hirsi Ali escaped -- and transformed herself into an internationally renowned spokeswoman for the rights of Muslim women."
ref: Washington Post book review.

four excerpts:

p. 47 paperback issue:

"Some of the Saudi women in our neighborhood were regularly beaten by their husbands. You could hear them at night. Their screams resounded across the courtyards. "No! Please! By Allah!"


p.68:

"The Pakistanis were Muslims but they too had castes. The Untouchable girls, both Indian and Pakistani were darker skin. The others would not play with them because they were untouchable. We thought that was funny because of course they were touchable: we touched them see? but also horrifying to think of yourself as untouchable, despicable to the human race."

p.309

"Between October 2004 and May 2005, eleven Muslim girls were killed by their families in just two regions (there are 20 regions in Holland). After that, people stopped telling me I was exaggerating."

p. 347

"The kind on thinking I saw in Saudi Arabia and among the Brotherhood of Kenya and Somalia, is incompatible with human rights and liberal values. It preserves the feudal mind-set based on tribal concepts of honor and shame. It rests on self-deception, hyprocricy, and double standards. It relies on the technologial advances of the West while pretending to ignore their origin in Western thinking. This mind-set makes the transition to modernity very painful for all who practice Islam. "

Posted by: CCNL | October 21, 2008 6:00 PM
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When are people going to understand that religion isn't about power. Ultimately that is what this author thinks women need, even at the expense of religion. In the context it just seems like a tool women use to get power, whether embracing or rebelling. This is sad.

Religion is never about power. It's about God, knowing and obeying. I know some people use religion but this is never right. In the end God is the one who is supposed to in control and if he isn't then the "leaders" should move on.

I just hope women don't make the mistake of some men and try to use religion for power. It just makes everyone miserable.

Posted by: kert1 | October 21, 2008 5:10 PM
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