Martin Marty
Award-winning author and professor emeritus, University of Chicago

Martin Marty

Historian, author, professor emeritus at the University of Chicago, where he taught religious history, chiefly in the Divinity School, for 35 years.

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Religion and Racial Prejudice: Old But Guilty Partners

When Americans profess religious faith AND are racially prejudiced, they are acting in traditions much older than America itself. Through most of human history and most of American history it would not have occurred to anyone to see a conflict between racial prejudice and being religious. Most religion has roots or ties to tribalism, nationalism, group self-worship, and claims for the superiority of the believers' group over all others. Most lines in most scrolls, most pages in most holy books gave reasons and inspiration for being prejudiced in all sorts of ways.

That paragraph might sound as if I want to do public relations for "the New Atheists," who ask us to kill nothing but religion since, with religion gone, other killing would stop. Not so: non-religion has killed more than religion in the century past. And hyper-nationalism and idolatry of one's own group--race, nation, class, etc.--has been more lethal than much religious warfare.

Such a paragraph instead is there to remind the religious that to profess faith in God and attend worship does not guarantee that all the rest of life will "go well."

What one does look for is the many minority hints and clues in old texts and from the lips of prophets to transcend self-worship and thus prejudice against others. The German historians in the 19th century said that "you overcome history with history." So you "overcome religion with religion." You listen to reconciling words, prophecies of shalom to come, appeals to transcend self-interest.

I served some white and black churches while working on my doctoral studies fifty-five years ago, and will never forget the courage, determination, conscience, and faith of a minority of both races which were involved. We also found that to present the case for a better way while speaking in suburban churches often led us to face incomprehension, backlash, stubbornness, and closing off openings in the human spirit which let the divine Spirit have its way.

But to hear that not all the religious are racially unprejudiced induces nothing but a yawn: "same old thing." And then to hear that not all are captive of the old ways is to send us looking for heroines, saints, models, who have transcended prejudice by using the faith which the prejudiced twist, and being liberated by it.

By Martin Marty  |  July 31, 2008; 5:42 AM ET
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Bgone: "There is no greater prejudice than the condemnation of "all others" to hell no matter their race. Oops. That was way back ending around 1960."

Not the case. Didn't end. I'm one of the condemned, one among hundreds of millions of others.

Religions were created by particular people at particular points in time, some subsequently wedded to imperial aspirations that then gave rise to the notion of race. Indeed, it wasn't until the middle of this century that Americans stopped thinking in terms of nations as races, e.g., the English race, the Irish race, etc. Many Europeans still think this way.

A great deal of what we understand as identity has been and, in some quarters, continues to be racialized. Since so much essentialism originated in some religions and continues to dwell within them, the remarkable thing is that some believers actually aren't racists.

Posted by: Farnaz | August 2, 2008 8:48 PM
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And by the same token an unbelievers disdain for God can inspire a deep racial disgust for those who do love God.
Causing one to think in terms of "typical white people" who "cling to their guns and religion" frustrated about people who "do not look like they do" etc,etc,,,,.

Posted by: hammerhead | July 31, 2008 9:47 PM
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Hell was invented to encourage Pharaoh's army they would not be met in the next world by those they killed. It worked so well Pharaoh was declared God with the keys to heaven's gate. Maybe a look at the papal flag will enlighten us? Were does Pharaoh now resides?

There is no greater prejudice than the condemnation of "all others" to hell no matter their race. Oops. That was way back ending around 1960. We're all ecumenical now. Could it be that ecumenical isn't a 100% success?

Don't look much like his holiness will be administering the oath to our next president. Maybe later when everyone gets religion and ecumenical all at the same time? For now we'll just have to settler for the Dalia Lama.

Posted by: BGone | July 31, 2008 7:31 PM
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OoooopppsssaaaaDizydaisy! @ 4:04Pm

Correction of Sin:


"The Religion Of Everything Before The 'SCiENCE' of Everything!"

Posted by: Anonymous | July 31, 2008 4:10 PM
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To be parochial regarding religion encourages a similar attitude toward other differences between people. When a person who merely wears different clothes can be rejected in polite society, we can then reject them for a variety of very subtle reasons. How did we ever get the idea that skin color determines one's race? I am sure this distinction can be found in religions, particularly in Christianity.

Posted by: L.Kurt Engelhart | July 31, 2008 3:58 PM
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Regarding the statement: "That paragraph might sound as if I want to do public relations for "the New Atheists," who ask us to kill nothing but religion since, with religion gone, other killing would stop."

I've done fairly extensive reading on the subject of atheism and I have yet to find any atheist propounding the obviously silly notion that 'other killing would stop' if religion were gone. That just doesn't sound like something a reasonable person would say; and if atheists worship anything, it is reason.

Posted by: Enemy Of The State | July 31, 2008 3:23 PM
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It's too bad that the study cited in the question didn't break down those with 'racial prejudices' by belief in god. I would be fascinated to see if the 90% 'god believing' Americans are statistically more or less likely to be racially prejudiced.

To be clear, I'm not making any claim that they are.

But discussing the results of THAT study would be far more interesting than noting that religion and racism coexist. As Prof. Marty correctly notes, that's been the case since religion was invented.

Posted by: Griffin | July 31, 2008 3:02 PM
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I agree with much of Marin Marty’s essay. In the Hebrew Scriptures (a.k.a. Old Testament) there is a tension between particularism (God is concerned only or primarily with Israel) and universalism (God is concerned with all people). Some of the passages that emphasize particularism the most are those in which God commands his servants to commit ethnic cleansing against the Canaanites and especially the Amalekites. Some of the most universalistic are passages in Isaiah which emphasize the salvation of the Gentiles and even their co-equality with Israelites (Isaiah 19: 21-25, 56:1-8 and 66:21).

However, I find it difficult to find passages in the Greek Scriptures (a.k.a. New Testament) which support racism unless the interpreter forces the texts to commit unnatural acts.

Peace,
Rip

Posted by: D.W. Van Winkle | July 31, 2008 11:10 AM
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