Gustav Niebuhr
Director of the Religion & Society Program, Syracuse University

Gustav Niebuhr

Niebuhr is an associate professor of religion and the media at Syracuse University and directs Religion & Society Program, an interdisciplinary undergraduate major.

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Reflecting on the "Man-Made"... And on the Inspiring

I notice that several of the panelists have praised Christopher Hitchens's writing, if not his conviction. And to be sure, the current question, which borrows his phrasing, seems to have inspired some of the most interesting theological reflection I've yet seen from the esteemed panel.

But like Bishop Wright, I too have a problem with the use of the term "man-made" (aside from its being a rather antique, gendered locution). As Wright writes, in this context it does sound "somewhat sneering." Hitchens means to use it as a perjorative... religion is, as he says, phony, un-divine because there is no divine. But to speak of human creativity implies no single value: it may result in the utilitarian (i.e., the plumbing under my sink), the abominable (Auschwitz) or the exhalted (anything by Beethoven).

Speaking of the latter, as I sit here, I'm four or five mouse clicks away from hearing the "Ode to Joy." (The benefits of the "man-made" twice over.) There, I've got it playing as I write. I find it sublime. Now, if I were a certain kind of specialist, I could tell you how many notes it contains, perhaps how long it took to write. But what would that mean? How would that compare with the experience of hearing the music itself?

Problem with the term "man-made" is it implies a thing can be quantified, its boundaries located and charted. That will do just fine for the aforementioned sink pipes, but it will tell us relatively little about how some things come to be (think art, think ideas, and, yes, think religious ideas) and the diverse ways in which they affect individuals. (Again, several of the panelists admire Hitchens's felicity with the language, but I suspect in differing ways.)

In other words, "man-made" tells us nothing about inspiration, a faculty that individuals possess in very different capacities and that they appreciate to equally differing degrees. The truly inspiring is that to which we return again and again. Which should explain the hold--the experiential hold--that the works of art, music, literature, philosophy and religion have for so many.

To seek a little common ground here, let's say that believers and atheists alike should admire Shakespeare, not least the words he put in Hamlet's mouth:

"What a piece of work is man!
How noble in reason!
How infinite in faculty!
In form and moving,
How express and admirable!
In action, how like an angel!
In apprehension how like a god!"

As for the question at hand, I'm content simply to quote another great writer, in this case, Emerson: "Faith makes us, and not we it, and faith makes its own forms."

By Gustav Niebuhr  |  May 28, 2007; 8:44 AM ET  | Category:  Theology
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Posted by: Emily | October 18, 2007 3:06 AM
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Analyst, you're right. If we would all remember to treat each other as individuals, rather than "one of those (fill in group)" and respond to what people say and do, rather than assuming we already know another person's -- another individual's -- point of view, we might make some progress.
At its best, this blog seems like a good start.

Posted by: Viejita del oeste | May 28, 2007 11:15 PM
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Sir,

Creativity and a love and sense of beauty can come from within us. We need no gods for this.

Hitchens can be cruel in his delivery of the message of atheism. I do not think he is representative of the majority of atheists, in this regard.

Do notice that Hitchens was just as cruel in his condemnations against liberals (including atheist liberals) who disagreed with him that the Iraq WAr was a necesssary, just war.

I won't say all Christians are just like Falwell, if you don't hold all atheists as being just like Hitchens.

Posted by: analyst | May 28, 2007 9:41 PM
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I think the real conclusion to draw is that 'faith' is no excuse for things, ...religion's another *thing we make* that we're *responsible for.*

That simple.

Posted by: Paganplace | May 28, 2007 4:38 PM
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The terrorists who took down the WTC on 9/11
were men of faith. Their faith gave them the amazing courage to die horribly while killing thousands.
Yes courage,the mind boggling courage of faith.
We all know...dont we...that their faith was crazy
and misplaced.
We know,don't we that they are NOT in paradise with 72 virgins each. We know that this is outrageous nonsense don't we? We know that they are all just dead,don't we?
But death was not what they bargained for.
They expected life.Life in paradise with 72 virgins each. THEY HAD FAITH that this would be so.
Faith might have been a good idea in the dark ages.
But in the 21st century its ridiculous and dangerous and may kill us all in the end.
Any idiot can have faith. It's no virtue.

Posted by: yo-yo | May 28, 2007 11:29 AM
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Good subtopic, I think. Creativity.

Sometimes when we speak about religion, well, we start falling into the terms people set *about* it, namely, whether or not claims about reality are "True," for instance, or what's 'good or evil,' and maybe forget about the inherent value of creativity *itself,*

...I think in a culture that has become focused on 'good and evil' and other divisions, we can see some of the effects in terms of our art and song, which doesn't seem to be quite what it's been at other times: in part because the creativity is usually the *last* concern of the people who bring us our popular art, for instance.

We find that celebrities who are paid attention to, aren't so much being hailed for actually being *artists and athletes appreciated for their art,* as, well, surrogate 'sinners' and 'maybe occasionally 'virtuous ones,' ...to the point that you have your Paris Hiltons who are mostly famous *for* being professional 'sinners' to revile.

I mean, wow.

Look at the 'American Idol' type shows. Interesting concept, but like so much in this society, it'd seem to be much more a referendum on who *approves of the artist* than the value of what's produced.

No insult to the singers intended, there: for all I know it's a true contest of artists there. I don't actually watch the show: I just hear how it's *talked* about. And I think *that* says something about the media culture that on one hand feeds us test-marketed 'safe' stuff with one hand and tells us how 'decadent' we are with the other.

I have to wonder, in all this religious and cultural 'war,' is inspiration, along with reason, one of the first casualties?

Posted by: Paganplace | May 25, 2007 11:08 AM
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Yep, man's a real piece of work, alright, but that's not necessarily a compliment. All of human history has now brought us to a point where there are millions of people that could not effectively explain nor utilize Occam's Razor in a discussion, who are spoon-fed the politically correct opinion they're supposed to espouse by television, Jesus channel or otherwise, and indeed we are seeing more people drop the cable and keep the DSL, I think, for a more reason-oriented approach to obtaining information.

Martin Luther had many choice words for the Catholic church of his time, he was on their most-hated list, and his major offense was handing out bibles to the masses, so people could read it for themselves. Albore, proclaimed father of the internet, is no Martin Luther, nor is he probably really the father of the internet, but there is a similar phenomenon happening, people rapidly becoming more informed, and hence more in charge of their own lives, and less inclined to drop money in the old collection plate. I would hazard the guess that this probably has some of the staunch organized religion types more than a little concerned for the collective future of their institutions, and rightly so, because when you find out that it isn't Baby Jesus lofting the shuttle into the heavens, and that 32 ft. per second isn't the devil, it's physics, and yes, gravity does suck, well, the whole picture of the world we live in kind of relies on what kind of information and verbiage we have to try and comprehend and describe it with, and both are undergoing a rapid transformation these days.

I'm a heathen, but respect others' right to believe as they see fit, as long as it doesn't involve my wallet, sharp pointy objects, violent mobs, or war. Nuff said.

Posted by: Bert | May 25, 2007 4:55 AM
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