Seeking Common Ground between Muslims and Christians
Editor's Note: The author will moderate a discussion with three Jesuit panelists on the topic "Muslims and Christians: Where Do We Stand?" at 7 p.m. Wednesday, Nov. 19, at The Bunn Intercultural Center Auditorium, Georgetown University. Go here to register.
Establishing religious and cultural accord is difficult anywhere in the world. This is especially true for the long and checkered relationship between Islam and Christianity. Islam's rise to the stage of world history in the 7th century when Christianity was struggling both in Europe and in the East created a sense of rivalry and urgency among Western Christians. Islam's claim of restoring Abrahamic monotheism and rejection of the Christian Trinity was received as a theological challenge. Its rapid expansion into areas that were once under the Byzantine rule led to a heightened sense of political and military threat. Finally, the dominance of Islamic culture and civilization after the 10th and 11th centuries was a cause of alarm to many Christians in Europe. Periods of peaceful co-existence in places like Andalusia, Baghdad and Istanbul have provided some brilliant examples of peaceful co-existence. Yet, the perceptions and attitudes of exclusion and hostility have survived and continue to shape the current views of Islam and Muslims from the pulpits across the US to media outlets and policy circles.
In addition to numerous interfaith initiatives, a large group of prominent Muslim scholars, intellectuals and community leaders has been working over the last two years to address some of these issues. In October 2007, an open letter called "A Common Word Between US and You," signed by 138 Muslim signatories, was sent to Christian leaders and communities around the world to open up new lines of communication between Muslims and Christians. This was a follow up to "An Open Letter to the Pope" sent in response to Pope Benedict's controversial Regensburg Speech in 2006. The open letter responded to the Regensburg's two claims that Islam was unable to develop a rational discourse about its religious tenets and thus invited its followers to "submit" to God rather than to think about or love Him. Furthermore, Islam spread through violence, which is an extension of its irrational nature. On both counts, Christians, the Pope seemed to imply, cannot have theological dialogue with Muslims
Taking its cue from the two commandments of the love of God and love of the neighbor, the Common Word asserted that there is a ground for theological engagement between Christians and Muslims (as well as Jews) while religious differences are to be admitted as part of a genuine dialogue and ethics of co-existence. At another level, this is a call for the acknowledgment of a Judeo-Christian-Islamic tradition. In addition to the intricacies of Christian and Muslim theology, there are also grounds for practical cooperation between the two largest religious and cultural communities of the world. After all, one does not have to have uniformity to seek common ground. The challenge is to create an ethics of co-existence and cultivate a sense of respectful difference.
So far, the Common Word led to three high-level meetings. The first was at the Yale Divinity School last July where Muslim and primarily Protestant theologians took up the two themes of the Common Word. A highly significant letter signed by three hundred prominent Protestant theologians and scholars was published in New York Times. The second meeting was hosted by Cambridge University in October ending with a meeting with Dr. Rowan Williams, the Archbishop of Canterbury, at the Lambeth Palace. Prior to the October meeting, Dr. Williams wrote a detailed and profound response to the Common Word, reiterating its main points but also expanding on it to further the relations between Muslims and Christians. The third meeting took place at the Vatican in Rome on November 4-6, 2008 as the first Seminar of the Catholic-Muslim Forum with the participation of about 60 Muslim and Catholic religious leaders and scholars from around the world. (Go here for the texts of the Vatican meeting as well as the Common Word.) The fourth meeting will take place at Georgetown University next year.
Interfaith engagements raise the question of whether one should concentrate on practical issues and avoid theological debates. Many engaged in interfaith dialogue prefer to deal with practical issues with the hope that this would produce concrete results. Interreligious dialogue, however, cannot function in a "beyond-the-truth" kind of attitude because, for one, all religions lay a claim to the truth (regardless of how one understands it). One has to take these claims seriously. Secondly, one is expected to remain loyal to one's tradition in broad outlines while reaching out to the other(s); otherwise a dialogue without a center would be without meaning and substance. Plus, it will have no representation and thus no impact on the larger community.
Differences do not obviate serious intellectual engagement. The current global problems call for a dialogical conversation between Christians and Muslims as well as others. As religions have to learn to live in an increasingly pluralistic world, they are bound to listen to one another more attentively. Muslims and Christians need to mobilize their resources to address the spiritual crisis and social problems of our day and age. It is encouraging to see that the Catholic-Muslim Forum has agreed to "explore the possibility of establishing a permanent Catholic-Muslim committee to coordinate responses to conflicts and other emergency situations". Such measures could prove to be vital to diffuse communal tension and misunderstanding. But much more work remains to be done in order to close the theological and historical gap between Christians and Muslims.
(Read Jesuit Aloysious Mowe's analysis of the dialogue.)
Ibrahim Kalin is a Assistant Professor of Islamic Studies at Georgetown's School of Foreign Service and The Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding. He is founding Director of the SETA Foundation for Political, Economic and Social Research based in Ankara, Turkey, and among the signatories of the Common Word, a major initiative to improve Muslim-Christian relations.
By Ibrahim Kalin |
November 19, 2008; 10:23 AM ET
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Posted by: CCNL | November 20, 2008 3:44 AM
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It is wonderful that the media is finally understanding Islamic ideals with socialist leanings. The media is so accepting to understanding the struggle of the real Islamic teachings of all is one and one is all...thank you ABC, CBS, CNN & PBS.
Posted by: jet861 | November 20, 2008 3:05 AM
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Perhaps of interest:
Jewish Analysis PDF | Print
Page 1 of 2
Speaking the Truth (Dabru Emet)
by Prof. Peter Ochs
The world, says Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel, rests on three things: Hadin, HaEmet, V'Hashalom: on justice, truth, and peace (Pirke Avot, 1:18). May God bless "A Common Word" and receive it as a powerful contribution to the peace, truth, and justice that uphold the world. This Word is worthy of the tradition of Aaron, and it enhances and extends the tradition of the sage Hillel, who taught that the "disciples of Aaron love peace and the pursuit of peace, love their fellow creatures and seek to draw them to the study of God's word" (Pirke Avot, 1:12).
"A Common Word" therefore comes as a gift, as well, to those who practice Judaism, for it does honor and service to the One God whom they acknowledge as sole Creator of the Universe and Redeemer of humankind. It draws into fellowship the two other children of Abraham's faith, thereby extending Abraham's blessings to all the nations. In this way, "A Common Word" contributes to and extends the obligatory service of all Jews to repair the world and bring glory to God's Name.
Before adding any other word about Judaism, let me say that "A Common Word" merits praise and blessings l'shmah — for its own sake — as a blessed moment in the history of God's work on this world. Its authors and signatories merit praise, with prayers for their well being and for the strength of this good work.
Posted by: Farnaz2 | November 20, 2008 1:01 AM
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Kalin: Establishing religious and cultural accord is difficult anywhere in the world. This is especially true for the long and checkered relationship between Islam and Christianity. Islam's rise to the stage of world history in the 7th century when Christianity was struggling both in Europe and in the East created a sense of rivalry and urgency among Western Christians. Islam's claim of restoring Abrahamic monotheism and rejection of the Christian Trinity was received as a theological challenge
Pardon me. Did I miss something? Why did Islam think it necessary to restore "Abrahamic monotheism"? I hadn't heard that Judaism changed its mind about the oneness of the deity (Hashem), from its inception some five thousand years ago.
Farnaz: It remains the same with respect to its radical monotheism: "Hear O Israel. The Lord, the Lord is one."
Kalin:the Common Word asserted that there is a ground for theological engagement between Christians and Muslims (as well as Jews)
Farnaz: Oh, uhm, gee, thanks. But Jews are not an afterthought, certainly not where Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are concerned. Judaism is the first thought.
Farnaz:Until you get that, live with it, indeed, embrace it, until you stop trying to displace our religion, to exile it as you have exiled Jews from the Middle East, we have no commonality with you. You have prevented it.
Posted by: Farnaz2 | November 20, 2008 12:28 AM
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Excuse my tag.
The whole point of upper class dialogue is to provide talking points and arguments of reason that can be used to gain respect combined with concurrence for the other, whenever you meet someone at the grassroots/neighbor level.
Dialogue assumes what??---mutual ignorance and disrespect in need of correcting!
The laities need to be given edifying education about the "other". Their learned elders constantly agree with each other about the need for and actual ability to attain some degree of ecumencal agreement on basic religous issues. If the laity hears of this, they will turn an ear toward this friendship, as if looking for betrayal or treason, and finding instead a surprising twist of mutual respect and commonality they didn't know was possible.
If the masses are listening to the extremists, why can't they listen to the peacemakers; extremism is easy to start but it wears on you after a while, becoming hard to uphold. Even Americans are afraid of another war; that's why they voted for Obama.
One effective tool to defuse extremism is to get your flock to criticize themselves for the wrongs committed by their side. This would reduce unnecessary hatred and make audiencese less prone to reacting to hate speech.
It is easy to criticize yourself when you realize that is what the other side is saying about you, except they are doing it, not you.
"They" hate; "They kill"; "They" are angry; "They" accuse; all probably for good reasons, not just stupid reasons. Learn to criticize unto ourselves as they would criticize you.
Posted by: punkumin | November 19, 2008 11:58 PM
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All these meetings, talks and prayers by senior clergymen, theologians and academics of the three Abrahamic faiths are very nice......But how do you reach ordinary people, the masses and youth: especially the sngry Muslim youth attracted to extremism and terrorism, the Christian fundamentalists and "Palinites" full of prejudice and hostility towards Muslims, and the Israeli young extremists who also commit acts of violence against Palstinians. Live in the real world! Pious statements by a bunch of old guys do not have much effect. How many people are listening to them?
Posted by: iam86_2 | November 19, 2008 11:14 PM
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The qualifications for the writers and their well written articles shows their mental while the plight of education of some who sumbit their comments studded with fithy language show the difference.
Posted by: jamil51 | November 19, 2008 10:57 PM
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Reiteration is education especially needed for the closed minds of Islamics!!!
Posted by: CCNL | November 19, 2008 7:53 PM
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CCNL
I believe you are paid for this work.
Readers! you can confirm my claim by going through every opinion of "ON Faith" and you will find his signs "disentry" of this man "CCNL" who is so coward that he even dont use his name but demand the others to prove him the things he dam care himself.
He should go to mental hospital for treatment because his burns are third grade.
Posted by: jamil51 | November 19, 2008 7:50 PM
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CCNL is a lonely soul cutting and pasting the same things again and again. Does he suffer from OBSESSIVE, COMPULSIVE, PERSONALITY DISORDER?
Shouldn't he see a psychiatrist?
Posted by: nadinebatra | November 19, 2008 5:24 PM
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Has Georgetown sold its soul to Islam??
Anyway, to solve the topic problem, both Christianity and Islam need to be first cleansed of their historic and theological flaws and errors. Christianity is well on its way since the 1800's. Islam is unfortunately stuck in a time warp due to the threats of Islamic fundamentalists who threaten any Muslim or non-Muslim when they question Islam history and theology.
Posted by: CCNL | November 19, 2008 11:53 AM
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A synopsis of said flaws and errors in Judaism, Christianity and Islam:
1. Abraham founder/father of three major religions was either the embellishment of the lives of three different men or a
mythical character as was mythical Moses, the "Tablet-Man" who talked to burning bushes and made much magic in Egypt.
Many of the 1.5 million Conservative Jews and many of their rabbis have relegated Abraham to the myth pile along with most if not all the OT.
Current crisis:
Realization that the Jews are not god's not chosen people.
www.simpletoremember.com/vitals/ConservativeTorah.htm
2. Jesus was an illiterate Jewish peasant/carpenter/simple preacher man who suffered from hallucinations and who has been characterized anywhere from the Messiah from Nazareth to a mythical character from mythical Nazareth to a mamzer from Nazareth (Professor Bruce Chilton, in his book Rabbi Jesus). Analyses of Jesus’ life by many contemporary NT scholars (e.g. Professors Crossan, Borg and Fredriksen, On Faith panelists) via the NT and related documents have concluded that only about 30% of Jesus' sayings and ways noted in the NT were authentic. The rest being embellishments (e.g. miracles)/hallucinations made/had by the NT authors to impress various Christian, Jewish and Pagan sects.
The 30% of the NT that is "authentic Jesus" like everything in life was borrowed/plagiarized and/or improved from those who came before. In Jesus' case, it was the ways and sayings of the Babylonians, Greeks, Persians, Egyptians, Hittites, Canaanites, OT, John the Baptizer and possibly the ways and sayings of traveling Greek Cynics. http://wiki.faithfutures.org/index.php/Works_Cited
For added "pizzazz", Catholic/Christian theologians divided god the singularity into three persons and invented atonement as an added guilt trip for the "pew people" to go along with this trinity of overseers. By doing so, they made god the padre into god the "filicider".
Current crises:
Pedophiliac priests, atonement theology and original sin!!!!
3. Luther, Calvin, Smith, Henry VIII, Wesley et al, founders of Christian-based religions, also suffered from the belief in/hallucinations of "pretty wingie thingie" visits and "prophecies" for profits analogous to the myths of Catholicism (resurrections, apparitions, ascensions and immaculate conceptions).
Current crises:
Adulterous preachers, "propheteering/ profiteering" evangelicals and atonement theology.
Posted by: CCNL | November 19, 2008 11:52 AM
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4. Mohammed was an illiterate, womanizing, lust and greed-driven, warmongering, hallucinating Arab, who also had embellishing/hallucinating/plagiarizing scribal biographers who not only added "angels" and flying chariots to the koran but also a militaristic agenda to support the plundering and looting of the lands of non-believers.
This agenda continues as shown by the assassination of Bhutto, the conduct of the seven Muslim doctors in the UK, the 9/11 terrorists, the 24/7 Sunni suicide/roadside/market/mosque bombers, the 24/7 Shiite suicide/roadside/market/mosque bombers, the Islamic bombers of the trains in the UK and Spain, the Bali crazies, the Kenya crazies, the Pakistani “koranics”, the Palestine suicide bombers/rocketeers, the Lebanese nutcases, the Taliban nut jobs, and the Filipino “koranics”.
And who funds this muck and stench of terror? The warmongering, Islamic, Shiite terror and torture theocracy of Iran aka the Third Axis of Evil and also the Sunni "Wannabees" of Saudi Arabia.
Current crises:
The Sunni-Shiite blood feud and the warmongering, womanizing (11 wives), hallucinating founder.
Posted by: CCNL | November 19, 2008 11:51 AM
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Farnaz continues to amaze as she professes to be an atheist but defends the Jewish god like said god was real.