Guest Voices

Joshua: Good Cop, Bad Cop

On Faith is publishing selections from David Plotz’s Blogging the Bible, a series that’s been running over at our sister publication Slate. Read why Plotz started blogging the Bible here.

The Book of Joshua

Chapter 1

With Moses dead, Joshua consolidates his power, first by checking in with the Lord, then by giving a pep talk to the tribal leaders. Get ready for D-Day, he says: The invasion of the Promised Land starts in three days.

The most interesting moment in the chapter occurs during God's conversation with Joshua. The Lord instructs Joshua to read "the book of the law" that Moses prepared—that is, I suppose, the five books of the Torah we just finished reading. He tells Joshua: "You shall meditate on it day and night, so that you may be careful to act in accordance with all that is written in it. For then you shall make your way prosperous, and then you shall be successful." God never told Moses to read the law book, because Moses wrote the law book. This, in other words, marks the beginning of biblical scholarship. The Lord, like Justice Antonin Scalia, obviously believes in original intent. He certainly isn't telling Joshua to interpret laws, just to follow them. But without Moses to clarify, those laws must be discussed and analyzed. So let 4,000 years of argument begin!

Chapter 2

Joshua dispatches two spies to Jericho, where they take shelter in the house of the prostitute Rahab. When the king of Jericho catches wind of the spies and confronts Rahab, she hides them on her roof. When the danger passes, she explains to the spies why she's helping them. She says she has heard of the Lord's mighty deeds—the Red Sea crossing, the defeat of King Og, etc.—which have made the Canaanites' hearts "melt" with terror. She begs them to spare her and her family when the Israelites conquer Jericho. The spies promise to protect her, and escape back to Joshua. Rahab is proof that God's propaganda policy really works. Back in Exodus, you may remember, God prolongs the 10 plagues because He wants the Israelites to tell stories about His might. The Israelites kept recording God's triumphs—composing poems and telling stories that spotlight His greatness. It's clear that a key purpose of these stories, and of the Bible itself, is to alarm and terrify God's enemies. And here we see that the psych-war campaign pays off. The stories of God's awesomeness have spread so far that the battle for Canaan is halfway won. The Canaanites already know they're going to lose. As Rahab says, "There was no courage left in any of us because of you."

On to sexier matters! This chapter raises a rude but pressing question: What's with all the prostitutes? There's scarcely an unmarried woman in the Bible so far who isn't a prostitute, or treated like one! There's Tamar, who turns a trick with her father-in-law Judah. The Moabite women, who whore themselves to the Israelites. The Midianite harlot who's murdered by Phineas. Jacob's daughter Dinah, whose loose behavior sparks mass slaughter. No wonder they call prostitution the oldest profession—it's the only profession that biblical women seem to have.
I have a rudimentary theory about this. In many tribal cultures, women have been essentially banished from the public sphere in order to control their virtue. We see this in strict Islamic cultures today, where women are punished for speaking to men besides their husbands and relatives. Throughout the Bible, the Israelites have been obsessed with controlling the sexual behavior of their girls and women—this is why there are so many darn laws about female purity, sexual misbehavior, and intermarriage. The Israelite women seem to have played no role in public life. Except for Moses' sister Miriam (and, in passing, Noa and her sisters), there hasn't been a single woman since the Exodus who's had any kind of public responsibility. So, why do we read about prostitutes? Perhaps because prostitutes were the only women involved in the Israelites' public life.

Chapter 3 and Chapter 4

Wait a minute, we've seen this trick before! The Israelites, all 2 million of them, must cross the Jordan River to enter the Promised Land. One man from each tribe stands in the middle of the river. The river stops, all the water piles up in a wall on the upstream side, and the Israelites and the Ark cross on dry land. (I know what those of you who have been to Israel are thinking: The Jordan "river" is about as deep my bathtub, and not much wider! But the book specifies that the crossing was at flood stage, when the river is somewhat more intimidating.) Why do this kiddie-pool rip-off of the Red Sea crossing? (Even the language is similar—the water forming a wall, all the Israelites crossing on dry ground, etc.) The parallelism reminds us that God has again allowed us to cross into a new world. From the Red Sea crossing came the giving of the laws, the rise of Moses, and the transformation of Israel from a surly band into a great nation beloved of God. From the Jordan River crossing will come the conquest of the Promised Land and the fulfillment of God's covenant.

Chapter 5

As soon as the Israelites have crossed the Jordan, God orders Joshua to "make flint knives and circumcise the Israelites." Apparently circumcisions were suspended during the wilderness years. (I'm guessing they were cancelled due to a shortage of bagels and lox.) Anyway, Joshua and his men proceed to circumcise all of the Israelite males—that's a cool million of them, and these aren't kids either. They're grown men. Ouch! The Lord is delighted and says the maxi-surgery has "rolled away the disgrace of Egypt." The Israelites name the spot where they're camped "the Hill of the Foreskins." (Now that's a place I don't want to visit next time I'm in Israel. Can you imagine going there with kids? Jacob, don't pick that up! No, Rachel, you can't keep that "ring" you found.)

The Israelites eat their last meal of manna! Imagine the rejoicing. From now on, they can eat the crops of Canaan.

A man appears before Joshua, carrying a sword. He turns out to be an angel, sent to command the Lord's army. He orders Joshua to remove his shoes, because he's standing on holy ground. This angel and the crossing of the Jordan are interesting because they're so clearly written to echo earlier, even more important biblical moments. Just as the Jordan crossing replays the Red Sea, and so this angel encounter hearkens back to two critical early face-offs—Jacob's wrestling match with the mysterious angel, and Moses' encounter with God at the burning bush (where Moses, too, is ordered to take off his shoes). This reminds the Israelites that the whole adventure—from all the way back to the patriarchs—has been God's plan.

Chapter 6

The song goes:

Joshua fought the battle of Jericho, Jericho, Jericho
Joshua fought the battle of Jericho
And the walls came tumblin' down.

But they didn't fight a battle of Jericho. Here is my biblical ignorance in full flower. I always thought that there was a pitched battle for Jericho. But no. Joshua has the Israelites circle the city once a day for six days. On the seventh day, they circle the city seven times, with seven priests blowing seven rams' horns. (Question: If they were circling the city for seven days straight, how did they observe the Sabbath? Also, it's nice to see seven finally replace 40 as the holy number.) At the end of the final circuit (the 13th total, actually, not the seventh), Jericho's walls collapse in a heap. The Israelites charge and sack the city without a fight, killing every living thing—all the people and animals—except for the prostitute Rahab and her family.

Chapter 7

Now that Jericho's down, I figured the rest of the conquest would go easy. But it very quickly turns ugly. The Israelites dispatch too small an army to the next city, Ai. Ai repels the 3,000 Israelites, and kills 36 of them. The hearts of the Israelites "melted and turned to water"—a phrase that the Book of Joshua has used many times already, but always to describe the routed enemy. A devastated Joshua tears his clothes in mourning, and tries to figure out what went wrong. (Don't you wish our leaders took war as seriously?) Joshua wails to God: Why did you bring us all the way to the Promised Land if you were just going to destroy us? God, with a thrilling directness, orders Joshua to be a man. "Stand up! Why have you fallen on your face?" God rebukes. God tells Joshua they're in trouble because some Israelite stole devotional objects belonging to God. Joshua needs to root out the villain and punish him to restore the Israelites to grace.

The rest of the chapter unfolds like Shirley Jackson's famous short story "The Lottery." (In fact, I wouldn't be surprised to learn that "The Lottery" is intentionally modeled on Chapter 7.) Slowly, with an ominous, telescoping rhythm, Joshua seeks the offender. He surveys all the tribes, and selects Judah. He examines every clan of Judah, and picks out the Zerahites. He quizzes every family in the clan, and settles on the Zabdis. He goes one by one through the Zabdi household, and finally fingers the young man Achan as the thief. Joshua's cross-examination of Achan is gently, horribly devastating—a cinematic highlight. Listen to Joshua's ingratiating, but arm-twisting, language:

"My son, give glory to the Lord God of Israel and make confession to Him. Tell me now what you have done; do not hide it from me."

Achan instantly confesses to stealing silver, gold, and cloth, and tells Joshua where to find them. Joshua's men collect the loot, and offer it back to God. Good cop Joshua disappears, replaced by the ruthless avenger. Joshua tells Achan, with what almost sounds like very black humor but is probably just malevolence: "Why did you bring trouble on us? The Lord is bringing trouble on you today." The Israelites stone Achan to death, then burn his corpse and incinerate his family, then heap their bodies with stones. (Another nasty collective punishment for the kiddies.) What's troubling about the Achan episode—or if you're a very observant Jew, what may be compelling about it—is this notion that the fate of the Israelites hangs on the behavior of an individual. The sin of a single insignificant man is enough to shatter God's covenant with Israel and stop the conquest of the Promised Land. The implication of the story is that when we steal, cheat, lie, kill, commit adultery—we are not mere sinners or simple criminals. We are Achan, threatening to ruin our families, and our tribe, and our city, and our whole nation.

David Plotz is Slate's acting editor. He is the author of "The Genius Factory: The Curious History of the Nobel Prize Sperm Bank." You can email him at plotzd@slate.com E-mail may be quoted by name unless the writer stipulates otherwise.

By David Plotz |  June 29, 2007; 10:31 AM ET
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Good site
Good luck the web designer.

Posted by: ZinnyLisa | January 26, 2008 5:59 PM
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Posted by: Gxzkius | December 13, 2007 8:56 AM
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Posted by: Gxzkius | December 13, 2007 8:56 AM
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Posted by: Gxzkius | December 13, 2007 8:56 AM
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beleive in joshua's law

Posted by: joshua's law | December 8, 2007 12:55 AM
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ywtdjouv klav whunpj xjrghktbi wyzitfo fghywxm syefo

Posted by: swyxibde stpjvlok | September 7, 2007 10:44 PM
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ywtdjouv klav whunpj xjrghktbi wyzitfo fghywxm syefo

Posted by: swyxibde stpjvlok | September 7, 2007 10:43 PM
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ywtdjouv klav whunpj xjrghktbi wyzitfo fghywxm syefo

Posted by: swyxibde stpjvlok | September 7, 2007 10:42 PM
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ywtdjouv klav whunpj xjrghktbi wyzitfo fghywxm syefo

Posted by: swyxibde stpjvlok | September 7, 2007 10:41 PM
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I stumbled on this today just poking around msnbc.com and was intrigued. I don't usually post in these kinds of situations b/c they always seem to dissolve into arguments where neither side really makes a point. So here is my opinion as a "Bible-believer." I wanted to give my point of view on these passages since it was asked, but I won't be replying beyond that b/c like I said these online arguments are really useless.

First off I don't believe this is blasphemous at all. I applaud anyone for reading through the Bible and invite others to join him. I find it interesting to see how non-believers approach the Bible b/c it's different because it's their first time reading it and it often makes me look at passages I've read hundreds of time in a new light. I will also say that I believe that the Bible is completely true and that these thoughts are mine and not to represent all Christians, much less any authoritative priest, minister, etc.

Chapter 1 - Plotz notes one of the most important points here that Joshua is to meditate on the Law and this is important as we will revisit it later. The other thing I'd like to point out is how God constantly reassures Joshua that He will be with him. This is a very important point as well I think.

Chapter 2 - As for God's scare tactic, I don't think that's His goal, but I guess it just comes out of what He has commanded. Plotz's comments on the prostitutes is valid, but I think he overlooks many cases where the women aren't prostitutes such as Sarah, Leah and Miriam just to name a few. I think an important point in this chapter is that the prostitute points towards Israel's God and not Israel. God is about His glory not Israel b/c God is the only one worthy of receiving glory.

Chapter 3&4 - Yeah this is just like crossing the Red Sea except not as big. However, like the Red Sea I think an interesting thing that people look over is that they cross on DRY land. If you've ever walked in a river the ground is very mushy even when the water receeds. God dries it up instantly for an easier crossing. Also God is in their midst as shown by the ark. The ark represented God's presence to the people.

Chapter 5 - This stuff is actually quite important. Circumcision was a sign of God's covenant to Israel. It was also commanded so they do it showing their obedience to God. Israel is following the Law that was given them by God. Later, Joshua's encounter is actually what is considered a theophany (I think that's what it's called), which means that it is an Old Testament revelation of Jesus Christ. This also happens in Daniel when shadrack, meshack and abendigo are thrown in the fire. There are couple of reasons for this. 1) He never says he's an angel, 2) Joshua falls in reverence to Him and He doesn't object (as angels often do when humans offer them reverence), and 3) the ground Joshua stands on becomes holy. One the presence of God himself could make the ground holy b/c only God is holy. We will come back to this point later.

Chapter 6 - God delivers Jericho into their hands in a very odd fashion. I still think it'd be interesting to hear what the Joe Israelites would have said about being told to march around the city for a week to make it's walls fall down. Plotz offers a pretty good view as well. Also note what God tells Joshua that he relates to the people. They shall not keep any of the special stuff for themselves, but it instead should go to God.

Chapter 7 - I believe this is where the controversy comes and honestly, this isn't that tough of a passage, especially compared to many others. Achan clearly has broken the Law. Jewish Law was pretty strick and the punishment was death. If there is any finger pointed it should be pointed at the Giver of the Law and not Joshua. God told Joshua to meditate on the Law. If he did, which is a safe assumption, then he would know this man deserves death. Joshua just fulfils his duty as leader by enforcing the Laws of his people. Joshua is not unfair, he is quite just. For example the judge who through Paris Hilton was considered by many injust when it appeared she was going to go free b/c he didn't fulfil the laws of the US.
So then is God just for setting up death as the penalty. Let's go back to Genesis. When God puts Adam and Eve in Eden He says the punishment for eating the forbidden fruit is death. However, when they eat the fruit they do not die. This is because God is merciful. As I pointed out before God is the only one holy. The Bible is quite clear that all men are sinners and God must punish that sin w/ death. He decreed from the beginning that that's what the punishment for sin was. Such a holy being as God cannot stand sin b/c it takes away from His glory and remember God is all about His glory. When Achan stole from God he was taking away from God's glory. It was basically saying, "Yeah God, I know you provided, but I want some of the glory too."
I disagree with Robertson's and Falwell's view of 9/11, but for anyone to say that God would never do this needs to examine where they get their information about God b/c it's not outside the realm of the God we see in this passage. Anyone who tries to claim that the trails they face in their life is injustice from God is blind to the fact that if God were to bring justice they should be dead.

Seeing these passage should make a "Bible-believer" praise God for how holy He is and His amazing provision for His children. It should also drive them to seek to bring Him glory b/c we can see that that is what He wants.


I'll probably keep up w/ this blog from time to time b/c I liked reading Plotz's comments. But I will stay away from arguments b/c you're not going to convince me you're right and I'm not going to convince you I'm right so I don't really see the point.

Posted by: AMS | July 3, 2007 1:06 AM
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JACOB,

What has gotten into you???? Be good to everyone is the belief, not down with everything!

For shame!

Posted by: Gaby | July 2, 2007 3:11 PM
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JACOB,

What has gotten into you???? Be good to everyone is the belief, not down with everything!

For shame!

Posted by: Gaby | July 2, 2007 3:10 PM
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BEHOLD:

The "MAITREYA", a/k/a

The "MAHDI", a/k/a The "DELIVERER", is come to clear-away the "GOG and MAGOG" inflictions, of People & all Nations, and is Today, NOW "Revelating" (opposite of secret) the "Riddle(s)s of their Satanic(s) man made and Zero penned, Genuine Holy Cosmic G-d writings, and

therefore, "The-Deliverer" will indeed pull humate-kind, out of the "Bottomless Pit", as once wrongly imagined or told and or died for & taught & or Forced upon our Innate (Modern Morality) "Humanity-Doctrine" & encouraging anti humanity acts, via their Kids by bad parents (or Psychoses stricken) whom are otherwise wise and or good who can't see themselves, yet blinded by the truth & or Reality, in a wholeheartedly fasion, not half hearted, that otherwise should be respecting seperation of "Church & State" etheir stablishments and or Secular Institutions, if any.!

Outlaw or Limit rights to Islamic of U.S.A. Because if a Christian, Jew, Buddha & Hindu goes or lives in Saudi or Iran or Syria et al, your a NON-MUSLIM/Muslum/Muslem "ifidel" and have limited rights in a Islamic Society of Government.

So, It is time to limit theirs, for the actions of the few whom, in fact, they, inclosets, love & wish best afterlife living for them "Jihaddists" Matires, Mohamadian Warriors?

Posted by: jj | July 2, 2007 8:57 AM
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Sorry, but I can definitely live without Mr. Frank Collins!

He is much too hateful!

Mr. ECLATi-ON, how are you tonight?

Posted by: Gaby | July 2, 2007 2:24 AM
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"Dr Frank C. is beautiful!"

Its boring here without him.

Posted by: Anonymous | June 30, 2007 10:11 PM
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Note This is recycled Material. Thank You friend(s).

AS A M, AS A M, AS A M, et al; You wrote;

"... and most importantly Jerusalem which was built by the Canaanite Arabs long before there ever were jews on earth.. "

Note: In the Dictionary "CANAAN" means "Low-Lands". And "CANAANITES" means "LOW-Lifes"!

Please see that the above blogger, Araan Bat Yam, Isrel, tells you that , what was once probably the largest structure, like a World Trade Center, in All Israel & other areas, tells us that Babylonians [Iraqi's/Persians] Destroyed the "Temple" .. 586 B.C [Wailing Western Wall remains, and now you lazy people want this too for Mecca, Saudi Arabia as reward for Islam, not Palestine, besides Jerusalem City?]

Note: What was the biggest structure, or a wonderment of the World type construction at that time , that Palestianins built????

Remember: Way Way Before Islam existed, that the KABBA in Mecca was and still is the Center of PAGANism & Idol Worshipping for Bedoins, Mohamidians et al]

Even Before your people stole & Murdered US for our, not Islams, Abrahamic Faith and thus Hijacked Abrahamic Faith for a tribal killing Wild People, a/k/ Pre-Islamists & same "WILD PEOPLE" behaviour under Post Islamists????

So, History is ours Jury. You stole our Land [Using Islam is something everyone knows today is NO EXCUSE to take over the WORLD, not just control Jews & their Friends & places of worship & technology's, brains etc.. that JEALOUS PEOPLE like Arabs want because they know 1 lb. of Israeli brain is worth 100 lb. Arab Jihaddist Brains] .

FACT: The Koran Disowned and never mentions the Word "JERUSALEM" so what do you jealous people want? Please do not blame . Do not Blame Do Not Blame others. Your genes are about blaming people because blaming is the way they distract the fact that their intelligence is INFERIOR to others, so war mongering [gene trait behaviours] nature is all you know. To destroy, throw Rocks, smoke Hash, covet your neighbor and play the Blame-Game!

Tell Hamas or if you know any, then kill them before israel kills you for their madness [SINs via "Saudi Arabia" and the "Islamic Elders of Caliph Zionism" and religious Mafioso Copy Cat, Capitalists et al Secret Islamic Conspirators!

Posted by: ya | June 30, 2007 8:46 PM
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i.m on PostGlobal instead of Onfaith. p.S. Dr frank C. is beautiful! Ya Ya,

Posted by: Ja Joz | June 30, 2007 8:27 PM
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I agree with many of the other posters noting the lack of Bible believers jumping into these posts providing a rational explanation of the Bible and the God it depicts. This lack of Bible believes is also a problem on other forums that I track related to religion --- it seems the Bible believes (also Koran, etc...) simply can not explain away all the nonsense and brutal stuff in their Holy Books. I for one wish to hear their side of the argument, but they are, as many have noted, no where to be found.

Posted by: anon | June 30, 2007 2:41 PM
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Paganplace - you have a good point: "These are the stories people keep saying entitle them to rule me... Least you can do is... talk about them?"

If they come here at all, I bet they'd find Plotz's telling of the stories blasphemous, or at least disrespectful.

You'd think they'd comment on that, but no. Maybe they're embarrassed.

Please, Bible believers - come and tell us what you think. I'm tired of guessing.

Posted by: E favorite | June 30, 2007 11:41 AM
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And I include the Bushes, Cheneys, Robertsons and Falwells...

Posted by: Fred | June 30, 2007 4:59 AM
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The whole story can easily be read as a piece of irony, where people fake a god ("conversation" with god, haha!) as a legitimation for the most atrocious crimes man can commit.

Posted by: Fred | June 30, 2007 4:56 AM
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David Plotz - The implication of the story is that when we steal, cheat, lie, kill, commit adultery—we are not mere sinners or simple criminals. We are Achan, threatening to ruin our families, and our tribe, and our city, and our whole nation.

Perhaps Falwell's diatribe following the September 11, 2001 attacks had its origins in such Biblical proscriptions. Below is what Falwell said to the 700 Club.

"I really believe that the pagans, and the abortionists, and the feminists, and the gays and the lesbians who are actively trying to make that an alternative lifestyle, the ACLU, People For the American Way, all of them who have tried to secularize America. I point the finger in their face and say 'you helped this happen.'" Fellow evangelist Pat Robertson concurred with his sentiment.

One would think that god, being the omnipotent sort, would be a lot more competent in offing abominations, blasphemers, and heretics. However, whenever He acts, there seems to be a lot of collateral damage. Although I'm a lousy shot, even I could dispatch a blasphemer with relative ease. Especially since I'd only have to shoot myself.

Posted by: Maurie Beck | June 30, 2007 2:15 AM
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Traditionally spelled, 'Oy, vey,' as I understand.


I'm surprised, though, that all the 'theologically-sophisticated' Biblical people who insist their book should rule my life aren't finding conversational material here, though.

*nudge.*

Not so talkative, now, are we? Lack of 'God, Gays, and Guns' issues to relate to, maybe?

Interesting. :)

These are the stories people keep saying entitle them to rule me... Least you can do is... talk about them?

Posted by: Paganplace | June 29, 2007 7:39 PM
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Oye Vay

Posted by: Anonymous | June 29, 2007 6:16 PM
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But is the OT historical? Was Joshua et al real? Not according to 1.5 million Conservative Jews and their rabbis.

http://www.simpletoremember.com/ ...vativeTorah.htm

Posted by: Concerned The Christian Now Liberated | June 29, 2007 5:32 PM
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