There are differing strands in traditional Jewish thought. One major strand focuses on the resurrection and judgment. A second focuses on the belief that there is an immortal part of us, our souls, that return to the Divine after we die.
Personally, I take an agnostic view. I believe that it is unknowable and therefore, asking what comes next is simply the wrong question. The right question is what we do with our lives here. The reward for good deeds is not (or not alone) what is received in the world to come but for its own sake in this life because this is what God has called us to do. And the focus of our religious actions should be for what they mean in this world, in this life... not the next.
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